Basic concepts of insertion loss analysis: 1.1 Insertion loss: including theoretical loss and additional loss; theoretical loss is determined by the ratio of output and input energy of each channel of the coupler. When the coupling degree of the coupler is determined, its value is determined; additional loss includes transmission loss caused by port return loss and dielectric loss, conductor loss, joint loss, etc., which is related to the selected material. 1.2 Fluctuation in coupling band: characterizes the range of fluctuation of coupling degree above and below its average value within the working frequency band, representing the difference of energy transmission at different frequency points relative to the average level. 2. Theoretical analysis: 2.1 Theoretical loss: Coupler: The theoretical loss of the coupler is calculated based on the size of the coupling energy, that is, it is determined by the size of the coupling degree. The theoretical analysis is as follows: We know that the transmission principle of the coupler is shown in the figure below: [pic] P1 port is the input end, P2 port is the output end, P3 port is the coupling end, and P4 port is connected to a 50Ω load as the isolation end. According to the calculation formula, coupling degree C = 10log[pic] (Formula 1), theoretical loss IL = 10log[pic] (Formula 2) According to the energy conservation theorem: P2 = P1- P3, then the theoretical loss can also be expressed as: IL = 10log[pic] = 10log(1-[pic]) (Formula 3), 5db theoretical loss is calculated as follows: Using Formula 1, -5 = 10log[pic] [pic] = 0.316, substitute into Formula 3, the theoretical loss IL = -1.65 dB. 2.2 Additional loss: 2.2.1 Transmission loss: Transmission loss is caused by energy reflection due to the return loss of the port. Since the port standing wave ratio of any device cannot be 1:1, transmission loss always exists. When the standing wave ratio of each port is 1.2:1, the energy transmission is 99.2%, and 0.8% of the energy is reflected, resulting in a transmission loss of: L = 10lg (99.2%) = -0.035dB. The transmission loss caused by energy reflection at the two ports is about -0.07dB. 2.2.2 Conductor loss: Conductor loss is due to power energy...
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