GP (Border Gateway Protocol) is a dynamic routing discovery protocol between autonomous systems. Its basic function is to automatically exchange loop-free routing information between autonomous systems. By exchanging path reachability information with autonomous system number (AS) sequence attributes, it constructs the topology of the autonomous area, thereby eliminating routing loops and implementing user-configured routing policies. Corresponding to protocols such as OSPF and RIP that run within autonomous areas, BGP is a type of EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol) protocol, while OSPF and RIP are IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) protocols. BGP protocol is often used between ISPs. BGP protocol has been in use since 1989. Its first three versions were RFC1105 (BGP-1), RFC1163 (BGP-2) and RFC1267 (BGP-3), and the current version is RFC1771 (BGP-4). With the rapid development of the INTERNET, the size of the routing table has also increased rapidly, and the amount of routing information exchanged between autonomous areas has increased, affecting the performance of the network. BGP supports Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR), which can effectively reduce the growing routing table. BGP-4 is rapidly becoming the de facto Internet border routing protocol standard. The features are described as follows: BGP is an external routing protocol. Unlike internal routing protocols such as OSPF and RIP, its focus is not on discovering and calculating routes, but on controlling the propagation of routes and selecting the best routes. By carrying AS path information, the routing loop problem can be completely solved.
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