With the extensive development of computer science and video technology, digital image acquisition has been widely used in the field of electronic communication and information processing, such as the digitization of radio and television, network video, surveillance and monitoring systems, etc. As the front-end device of computer video applications, the video image acquisition card undertakes the task of converting analog video signals into digital video signals, and occupies an important position in the multimedia era. Designing a video signal acquisition circuit that is flexible in function, easy to use, and easy to embed into the system has important practical significance. This paper first introduces the development status and prospects of digital image acquisition systems, and puts forward the goal of this design: to complete the design of a high-resolution image acquisition card based on the PCI bus. Then it briefly introduces the basic theory used in this design: data acquisition theory, especially the definition and difference of sampling and quantization, as well as several ways of quantization and the relationship between quantization and AD technology. The basic structure of the image acquisition system is based on the digital signal processor as the core, controlling the peripheral A/D, D/A converter and peripheral memory. This paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of the currently popular DSP chip and IFPGA chip as the digital processing core, and selects FPGA as the digital signal processor according to the actual needs of the system. Then it lists several commonly used A/D video chips, introduces the basic process of SDRAM control, and finally proposes the overall design plan of the system. The hardware design of the image acquisition card is divided into the A/D front-end analog channel design and the FPGA digital signal transmission and peripheral circuit design. This article focuses on the connection and use of the A/D chip peripheral circuit, and also makes a detailed description of the PCI bus and its control circuit. The PCB layout and wiring of the image acquisition card are also explained in detail. The internal program structure of the image acquisition card FPGA is also a focus of this article. The program design this time is mainly divided into the data acquisition module, that is, the A/D interface module, the data temporary storage module, that is, the SDRAM read and write control module, the data processing module and the data transmission module, that is, the PCI control module. The focus is on the continuous read and write control of the SDRAM and the coordination between the various modules. The detailed process of A/D acquisition data from reception to storage, as well as the control of the SDRAM read and write state machine and the PCI bus are explained. Finally, the hardware debugging and FPGA program verification results are introduced. The front-end function simulation and back-end timing simulation based on the Modelsim platform are explained in detail, as well as the real-time verification of the program downloaded to the FPGA based on the SignalTapⅡ platform. The results show that the entire image acquisition system basically meets the performance indicators given in the system design, proving the correctness and rationality of the entire system design.
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