The causes of turbine cavitation are briefly described, and the cavitation monitoring principle based on acceleration and ultrasonic sensor monitoring, as well as the noise characteristics of the runner when cavitation occurs, are analyzed. Cavitation of hydropower units can cause serious damage to the runner blades and flow components. Considering that the severity of cavitation has become a decisive factor in the overhaul cycle of general hydropower plants, we conduct online cavitation monitoring on the two mixed flow units of Jinshuitan Station in order to adjust the unit operation mode in time and take effective measures to reduce the occurrence of cavitation. At the same time, by mastering the development trend of turbine cavitation, the unit maintenance is guided. The cavitation monitoring device uses the TN8000 state monitoring and fault diagnosis system jointly developed by Beijing Huake Tongan Company and the Department of Thermal Engineering of Tsinghua University. Cavitation is one of the main problems to be solved in turbines. The fundamental cause of cavitation is the existence of low-pressure areas. When the absolute pressure of the water flowing through the flow components drops to its vaporization pressure, the water begins to evaporate and produce bubbles. When the bubbles enter the high-pressure area with the water flow, the steam in the bubbles condenses into water again, and the space originally occupied by the bubbles becomes a vacuum. The surrounding high-pressure water particles impact this space at high speed, forming a strong water hammer pressure, which impacts the flow surface. The formation and rupture of bubbles, the repeated cycle of compression and expansion, produce high-frequency pulse water hammer pressure, which hammers the flow surface of the runner and causes local material erosion. Cavitation deteriorates the performance of the turbine, reduces the efficiency and water flow capacity of the runner, and in severe cases, leads to increased vibration of the turbine and erosion of the surface of the components. For Francis turbines, long-term operation under conditions that deviate from the allowable conditions may cause serious cavitation damage.
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