Use GPIO to control stepper motors: The difference between stepper motors and ordinary motors is that stepper motors are controlled by pulse signals. Stepper motors rely on an electronic switching device called a ring distributor to connect the excitation windings to the DC power supply in sequence through a power amplifier. Since the excitation windings are arranged in a certain pattern in space, after being connected to the DC power supply in turn, a step-changing rotating magnetic field will be formed in space, causing the rotor to rotate step by step. As the pulse frequency increases, the speed will increase. The rotation of the stepper motor is also related to the number of phases, the number of distributions, and the number of rotor gears. The more commonly used stepper motors now include reactive stepper motors (VR), permanent magnet stepper motors (PM), hybrid stepper motors (HB), and single-phase stepper motors. Among them, the rotor magnetic circuit of the reactive stepper motor is made of soft magnetic material, and there are multi-phase excitation windings on the stator, which uses the change of magnetic permeability to generate torque. At this stage, reactive stepper motors have been most widely used. The main difference between stepper motors and ordinary motors is the form of pulse drive. It is this feature that allows stepper motors to be combined with modern digital control technology. However, stepper motors are not as good as traditional closed-loop controlled DC servo motors in terms of control accuracy, speed range, and low-speed performance. Stepper motors can be used in situations where high accuracy is not required. Stepper motors can take advantage of their simple structure, high reliability, and low cost. When used properly, they can even be comparable to DC servo motors in performance.
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