A CDMA system is composed of mobile terminals, base transceiver stations (BTS), base station controllers (BSC), mobile switches (MSC), packet control functions and packet data service nodes. BTS and BSC are collectively called base station subsystems (BSS). One of the important functions of BSS is to maintain frequency and time standards, complete time and frequency coordination, and provide the necessary frequency reference, precise timing, synchronization reference and system clock for the system. BSS requires wireless synchronization and transmission synchronization. There are two sets of clock references related to it. One is the reference signal from MSC that is synchronized with the public telephone switching network (PSTN) for transmission synchronization; the other is the reference signal based on the global satellite positioning system (GPS) broadcast through satellites for wireless synchronization. The \"800MHz CDMA Digital Cellular Mobile Communication Network Technical System\" promulgated by the former Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications stipulates the synchronization principles and synchronization levels of the public land mobile communication network (PLMN). It stipulates that the synchronization of the PLMN network is first based on the internal clock as the digital synchronization reference, and the internal clock reference of the CDMA network is the GPS system. The CDMA PLMN network and the PSTN network can operate in quasi-synchronous mode or in master-slave synchronous mode. This article mainly discusses the principles of these two synchronous operation modes and compares them.
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