The Perl programs we have shown you so far have all been stand-alone programs. They have no way of communicating with the outside world except by providing messages to the user and receiving input from the keyboard. This is about to change. Perl is a very good language for file input and output (file I/O). Perl scalars can be extended to hold as long a record as possible in a file, and Perl arrays can be extended to hold the entire contents of a file, as long as memory will allow. When data is contained in Perl scalars and arrays, you can do unlimited operations on that data, and you can write new files. Perl tries to stay out of your way when you read or write data to a file. In some places, Perl\'s built-in statements are even optimized to perform common types of I/O operations. In this lesson, we will show you how Perl gives you access to all the data you can use in a file. In this lesson, you will learn: . How to open and close files. . How to write data to a file. . How to read data from a file. . How to make your Perl program more powerful by providing protection
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