How to connect the components in PCB?

Everyone knows about PCB, but do you know about its wiring? PCB wiring can be said to be a basic course for every electronic engineer, but often everyone only focuses on wiring and ignores the wiring arrangement between the components in the PCB. Let’s follow today Let’s study hard! 6 key points, don’t miss it~

1. Cross circuits are not allowed in printed circuits. For lines that may cross, "drilling" and "winding" can be used to solve them. That is, let a certain lead "drill" through the gap at the foot of other resistors, capacitors, and transistors, or "wind" through one end of a lead that may cross. In special cases, the circuit is very complicated. To simplify the design, Wire jumpers are allowed to solve cross-circuit problems.

2. Resistors, diodes, tubular capacitors and other components can be installed in two ways: "vertical" and "horizontal". The vertical type means that the component body is installed and welded perpendicularly to the circuit board. Its advantage is that it saves space. The horizontal type means that the component body is installed and welded parallel and close to the circuit board. Its advantage is that the mechanical strength of the component installation is better. For these two different mounting components, the component hole spacing on the printed circuit board is different.

3. The grounding points of circuits of the same level should be as close as possible, and the power supply filter capacitor of this level of circuit should also be connected to the grounding point of this level. In particular, the grounding points of the base and emitter of the transistor of this level cannot be too far apart, otherwise interference and self-excitation will occur because the copper foil between the two grounding points is too long. A circuit using such a "one-point grounding method" will work more slowly. Stable and not prone to self-excitation.

4. The general ground wire must be strictly arranged according to the principle of high frequency-medium frequency-low frequency in the order of weak current to strong current. It must not be randomly connected over and over again. It is better to have longer wiring between levels. Follow this rule. In particular, the requirements for the grounding wire arrangement of the frequency converter head, regeneration head, and frequency modulation head are more stringent. If there is any improper grounding wire arrangement, self-excitation will occur and the grounding wire will not work. High-frequency circuits such as FM heads often use large-area surrounding ground wires to ensure good shielding effects.

5. High-current leads (public ground wires, power amplifier power leads, etc.) should be as wide as possible to reduce wiring resistance and voltage drop, and reduce self-excitation caused by parasitic coupling.

6. Keep high-impedance traces as short as possible, and low-impedance traces as long as possible, because high-impedance traces tend to emit and absorb signals, causing circuit instability. The power wire, ground wire, base wire of non-feedback components, emitter wire, etc. are all low-impedance wires. The base wire of the emitter follower and the ground wires of the two channels of the radio must be separated and formed into a separate path. , until the end of the function and then combined together. If the two ground wires are connected back and forth, it is easy to produce crosstalk and reduce the separation. The above is a summary of some experiences on the wiring arrangement between components in PCB. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.