Smart car control system circuit design strategy

Smart cars, also known as driverless cars, are a type of wheeled mobile robot. They are a comprehensive system that integrates environmental perception, path planning, automatic driving and other functions. Smart car technology connects many fields, such as computer science, artificial intelligence, image processing, pattern recognition and control theory, etc. Smart cars are different from what is generally called autonomous driving. It refers more to autonomous driving using GPS and smart highway technology. This kind of car does not require people to drive, because it is equipped with devices such as television cameras, electronic computers and automatic control systems that are equivalent to human "eyes", "brain" and "feet". These devices are all very complex. Computer program, so this kind of car can "think", "judge" and "walk" like people. It can automatically start, accelerate and brake. It can automatically bypass ground obstacles and adapt to complex and changeable situations. , automatically selects the best solution and directs the car to drive normally and smoothly.

The circuit system is the core of the smart car hardware system. For this hardware circuit system, stability is the performance indicator that needs to be guaranteed first. After all, completing the course is the prerequisite for achieving results. On this basis, other indicators such as the power, center of gravity and compactness of the circuit board of the smart car should also be comprehensively considered.

Motor drive module

The motor drive module provides power for the driving of smart cars. Its performance directly affects the control performance of the rear wheel motor, including acceleration, deceleration and braking. This article uses a MOSFET driver chip plus a full-bridge driver solution. It only requires a reasonable selection of MOSFET driver chips and power MOSFETs to ensure performance. The circuit diagram is shown in Figure 6.

Servo drive module

The steering gear is responsible for the steering of smart cars. Whether the steering gear module can work stably directly affects the stability of the smart car when driving at high speed on the track, as well as the sensitivity and accuracy of steering. The working principle of the steering gear is as follows: the angle position of the steering wheel is determined by the pulse width of the PWM control signal sent by the microcontroller, and the internal circuit of the steering gear adjusts the angle position of the steering wheel through feedback control. Since it is angle closed-loop control itself and has good performance, there is no need to consider an external servo closed-loop in the system. The steering gear drive module circuit is shown in Figure 7. The steering gear drive module also belongs to the power section and uses 6N137 optocoupler for signal isolation.

Intelligent vehicles are complex integrated systems involving many fields. To achieve practical purposes, further in-depth research is required, and there is still a lot of work to be done. In terms of hardware, it is also necessary to solve the problems that affect the normal operation of smart cars due to differences in the accuracy of the camera itself or the loss of data due to external factors, and to enhance the anti-interference ability; in terms of software, it is also necessary to further optimize the algorithm, and the control system is the core of smart cars. Content: Based on the functional requirements of smart cars, the key modules of the smart car control system were studied. Each designed module was used in the "Freescale" smart car. The figures in the article are inspiring for the research of smart cars.