Problems in using Protel

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Problems in using Protel

Author: Unknown Article source: Unknown Hits: 340 Update time: 2004-12-10

PCB beginners should read this! 1. How to add a part of a schematic to another schematic? Answer: Use block copy. First, make the part of the schematic to be copied into a block, store it with another file name, and then call it into the target schematic using the block read command. 2. Why does the final generated layout not match the schematic diagram, and some networks are not connected? Answer: This situation is very easy to happen. It is indeed clearly connected on the schematic diagram. The final layout diagram has also been compared with the network table generated by the schematic diagram, and no connected network is found. This problem occurs on the schematic diagram. The schematic diagram looks connected, but because the line drawing does not meet the specifications, they are not connected in the table. The following are non-standard connections: c The connection exceeds the breakpoint of the component; c The two parts of the connection are repeated; c When connecting the schematic diagram, try to do the following: 1 Connect at the end point of the component; 2 The component connection should be connected in one line as much as possible, and the method of directly connecting the end points should be seldom used. Thin lines should be used in the middle. 3. How many types of Schedit lines are there? What are their uses? Answer: Schedit has four types of lines: 1 Thin Signal 2 Thick Signal 3 Bus 4 Dashed Generally speaking: Thin Signal is the most commonly used, Thick Signal is mostly used for large wires or for the need to emphasize the display, Bus is mostly used for partial lines, such as data bus, address bus, control bus, etc. It does not mean a direct connection, Dashed is mostly used to enclose a part of the schematic to form a functional module, and Dashed can be used to separate them. 4. How to speed up the operation of the same connection? Answer: Use the Repeat command. This command is used to repeat the Palce operation just completed. The parameters of Palce (wiring) are: number of repetitions 6 device name number jump variable, repeat the same length in the X direction, and repeat the same length in the Y direction. 6. How to print the title when printing the schematic diagram? Answer: Execute the Option command in the Schplot main menu. There is a Title Block option in its sub-command selection. This item is the title block switch. Select ON to print the title. Otherwise, select OFF to not print the title. 7. Do I need to customize the border for each layer of the printed circuit board? Answer: No. Just draw the border once on the Keep Out Lager (the layer that controls the forbidden wiring area). 8. Why can't the power layer be displayed as flying wires and automatically routed? Answer: When routing a double-sided board, pay attention to the settings of the power and ground network (generally the network labels are VCC and GND). If you want to display the flying wires of the power and ground wires during routing and automatically route them, you should make the following settings before calling the network table: click Netlis menu, click Power Planes, and finally click Disconnect Net From Plane. The power and ground network are left empty. After this setting, the ground and power lines are treated the same as other signal lines. Otherwise, the power and ground lines will be regarded as one layer and connected, and they will not be checked in subsequent network checks. 9. How can the printed pattern of the produced printed board be on both sides of the printed board? Answer: Through setting. 10. What should be paid attention to when making printed circuit boards? Answer: 1 When drawing lines, it is best not to draw them in sections, and it is best to draw a straight line all the way through. 2 The pads of components are best placed at the intersection of the grid. 3 Fill unused areas with ground to make a grid. 4 After making the printed layout, use two methods to check whether the network is correct or not, DRC and the generated netlist are compared with the wish list. 5 The components of the printed circuit board are evenly placed, the wiring is evenly arranged, and the partitions are divided according to functional modules. 6 The ground wire is mostly horizontal, and the power wire is mostly vertical. 7 The ground wiring direction is perpendicular to the direction of the integrated circuit to reduce the chance of short circuit. XI. What are the general steps for designing a printed circuit board? Answer: 1 First design the circuit schematic. 2 After the schematic is correct, generate a network table. 3 Import the network table into the plate making software. 4 Layout, mostly manual layout. 5 Pre-wiring. 6 If the routing rate is high, you can go down, otherwise return to the fourth step to re-layout. 7 Manually route some key networks (such as power lines and ground lines). 8 For general signal lines, use automatic routing. 9 Manually route the remaining unrouted lines. 10 Network check, use the DRC function to check the network, and then reverse generate the network table from the printed board, and compare it with the network table generated by the schematic. If they are equal, the drawing is basically completed. 12. Why can't all the components in the network be transferred in? Answer: The components in the network are defined in the library of the printed circuit board. For example, the three pins of a triode are defined as B, C, and E in the schematic diagram. However, they are defined as 1, 2, and 3 in the board design library. Since they don't match, they can't be transferred in. The solution is to modify the components in the printed circuit board design library to be consistent with the definition in the schematic diagram. 13. Which layer should the text be placed on? Answer: It can be placed on the silk screen layer, and the text will be printed when the circuit board is made. If it is placed on the component layer, the text will be corroded copper when the circuit board is made! 14. How to convert Protel circuit diagram into a picture? Answer: Use the image capture function of WIN itself, which is on the keyboard. 15. What should I do if the customized tool buttons and shortcut keys cannot be saved? Answer: If you are using Protel98, please change the attribute of the CLIENT98.~CS file in the windows folder from read-only to archive. 16. In Protel 99 schematics and printing plates, how to modify the properties of components in batches? Answer: In the component properties dialog box, press the Clobal>> button to pop up the overall edit dialog box, and set it in it. 17. What should I do if the first sub-component always appears when placing a component with sub-components? Answer: Set it in the Part column of the Attributee page in the component properties dialog box. 18. Can I write the serial number of the component symbol in small letters on the SCH diagram, like a subscript? Answer: No. 19. In Protel 99 schematics and printed circuit boards, how to handle linked components (such as potentiometers with switches, tuning capacitors)? Answer: In SCH, use the drawing toolbar Drawing Tools to draw dotted lines; this problem does not exist in PCB. 20. Does automatic routing automatically generate vias? Answer: Yes 21. When drawing sch diagrams in PROTEL 98, 99, etc., most components (such as resistors, capacitors, transistors, etc.) cannot select package numbers, that is, the footprint selection column is NONE Available. According to my understanding, resistors, capacitors, transistors, etc. should have commonly used package numbers to choose from. Answer: The package numbers of most components (such as resistors, capacitors, transistors, etc.) must be entered manually, that is, there is no default package (some have, such as the default package of 555 is DIP8). The package numbers of resistors are AXIAL0.3, AXIAL0.4..., capacitors are RB.2/.4, RB.4/.8, diodes are RAD0.1, RAD0.2... (the larger the number behind them, the larger the distance between the two pins), and transistors are TO-3, TO-5, TO-18... If you don't know the specific package of the component, you can enter the PCB editor, select Libraries in the Browse drop-down menu on the right side of the window. After installing Protel98, the default library is ADVPCB.LIB (if it doesn't exist, click the Add/Remove button to add it). The text box below Components shows the packages of different components. Click it to see its package shape. 22. How to change the width of all line segments in the same layer in protel99? Answer: Double-click any line segment and change it in the global option in the pop-up property window. 23. Is the mil of Protel 99 in the imperial system? How small is the centimeter? Answer: It can be changed to the metric system: 1/1000inch, 0.00254CM 24. You can find the package in the library file, but you don't know the specifications of the components corresponding to each package. For example, the resistor is written as axial0.3--axial1.0, but you don't know what kind of resistor each package corresponds to. What should I do? Answer: Footprint is the package, which is closely related to the size of the component, the pins, etc. It must be set in advance when making a PCB board. : Generally, 1/8 resistor uses axial_0.3 (related to the version of protel, different versions may have differences, you can check the relevant PCB: library file): Small capacitor: rad_0.1, rad_0.2: Large capacitor: rb_.2/.4: Integrated circuit: dip_n (n is the number of pins): Others will not be repeated. 25. What are the differences between the versions of protel? Answer: There is no essential difference in the operation of PROTEL98/99/99SE, except that the interface and the management of project files change from time to time. Just pick up any book introducing PT98/99/99SE and flip through it. In fact, PT98/99/99SE is very easy to learn. If you only make schematics and printed circuit boards, you will become familiar with it after using it a few times. 26. Is the success rate of automatic wiring 100%? Answer: How should I put it? Unless it is a very simple board, generally speaking, automatic wiring is only the first wiring, which requires manual optimization, and it is a must. After all, there is still a lot of room for improvement in the artificial intelligence of current software in this regard. Personally, I usually layout first, then automatically route, then adjust the layout, and then automatically route. Finally, the "decisive battle"---manual wiring. 27. I drew a schematic in sch, saved it, closed it, and opened it again, but nothing was in it. What's going on? It seems that I can't save it. Answer: Is the Protel you are using a demo version? I have seen a demo version of Protel98 that cannot be saved, and your problem may be the same. It is recommended to install a crack version. 28. How to specify the package form of components in Protel for Win? Answer: 1. Specify in Advanced Schematic 　　. Modify the component footprint in the schematic diagram to the required PCB library package name. Then generate a netlist, add the required package library to the PCB first, and load the components at the same time when the network table is loaded. 　　2. Specify in Advanced PCB. 　　Directly place the required component package in the PCB, set the designator to be consistent with the schematic diagram, and then reload the network table.