Reading check-in stop 2: The interesting history of chips--"The Great Chip"

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Reading check-in stop 2: The interesting history of chips--"The Great Chip" [Copy link]

Event details: Get to know "The Amazing Chip"

This is the second stop of the "Amazing Chip" reading check-in. Please reply to the author and ask the following questions. The author Wen Ge will help you with the reading check-in questions:

1. What is a P-type semiconductor and what is an N-type semiconductor?
2. What are the characteristics of a PN junction?
3. Who invented the first point-contact germanium transistor?
4. What is Intel's Tick-tock strategy?
5. What is a heterogeneous chip?

Friends who are reading together this time, check in at the second stop, follow up:

@media学子
@eew_V04Cyi
@lux168
@青天qintian0303
@qinyunti
@luke7
@lll00214
@ddllxxrr
@zhangjsh
@陈鲁隆

吾妻思萌

What is the difference between heterogeneous integration and chiplet?

qinyunti

1. What is a P-type semiconductor and what is an N-type semiconductor?

N-type semiconductors are formed by doping with the 5th group elements, and electrons are carriers.

P-type semiconductors are formed by doping with elements of the third main group, and holes are carriers.
2. What are the characteristics of PN junctions?

Reverse cutoff characteristics
3. Who invented the first point-contact germanium transistor?

Bell Labs
4. What is Intel’s Tick-tock strategy?

The process and architecture are updated every two years, with the process upgraded in the Tick year and the microarchitecture upgraded in the Tock year.
5. What is a heterogeneous chip?

Bare chips with different process technologies, different functions, and different instruction set architectures are packaged into one chip to form a computing system.

ddllxxrr

1. What is a P-type semiconductor and what is an N-type semiconductor?

Phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony are doped into silicon as impurities to make N, and boron, gallium, and indium are doped into silicon as impurities to make P

2. What are the characteristics of PN junction?

The characteristic of unidirectional conduction
3. Who invented the first point-contact germanium transistor?

Bell Labs

4. What is Intel’s Tick-tock strategy?

Process technology and architecture updates every two years
5. What are heterogeneous chips?

Pack chips with different functions and different instruction sets into one chip

秦天qintian0303

1. What is a P-type semiconductor and what is an N-type semiconductor?

N-type semiconductor: The fifth group element with 5 electrons in the outermost layer is doped into silicon as an impurity

P-type semiconductor: The third group element with 3 electrons in the outermost layer is doped into silicon as an impurity.
2. What are the characteristics of PN junction?

Reverse cutoff characteristics
3. Who invented the first point-contact germanium transistor?

Bell Labs
4. What is Intel’s Tick-tock strategy?

Process technology and architecture updates every two years
5. What are heterogeneous chips?

Packaging different process technologies, different functions, and different instruction set architectures into one chip

scare

1. What is a P-type semiconductor and what is an N-type semiconductor?

N-type semiconductor: The fifth group element with 5 electrons in the outermost layer is doped into silicon as an impurity

P-type semiconductor: The third group element with 3 electrons in the outermost layer is doped into silicon as an impurity.
2. What are the characteristics of PN junction?

Reverse cutoff characteristics
3. Who invented the first point-contact germanium transistor?

Bell Labs
4. What is Intel’s Tick-tock strategy?

Process technology and architecture updates every two years
5. What are heterogeneous chips?

Packaging different process technologies, different functions, and different instruction set architectures into one chip

传媒学子

1. What is a P-type semiconductor and what is an N-type semiconductor?

According to the different doping elements, semiconductors can be divided into P-type and N-type semiconductors. P-type semiconductors refer to holes as carriers, which are mostly made by doping with third-group elements such as boron; N-type semiconductors refer to electrons as free carriers, which are made by doping with fourth-group elements such as phosphorus.
2. What are the characteristics of PN junction?

The PN junction has the characteristics of unidirectional conduction and reverse cutoff. By extension, as a semiconductor, it also has thermosensitive properties, photovoltaic effect, photoconductivity effect, and rectification characteristics.
3. Who invented the first point-contact germanium transistor?

Bell Labs
4. What is Intel’s Tick-tock strategy?

The process technology is upgraded in tick year, and the microarchitecture is upgraded in tock year.
5. What is a heterogeneous chip?

The process of integrating two different chips through packaging, 3D stacking and other technologies is called heterogeneous integration, and the chip made by this technology is called a heterogeneous chip.

zhangjsh

1. What is a P-type semiconductor and what is an N-type semiconductor?

N-type semiconductors are formed by doping with the 5th group elements, and electrons are carriers.

P-type semiconductors are formed by doping with the third group elements, and holes are carriers

The first rectifier diode I made was doped with a gold-antimony alloy sheet in the N region and pure aluminum wire in the P region. The order of arrangement was to put a gold-antimony alloy sheet, a silicon wafer, and an aluminum wire in a graphite mold, and fuse them at high temperature in a high vacuum environment.
2. What are the characteristics of a PN junction?

Reverse cutoff characteristics
3. Who invented the first point-contact germanium transistor?

Bell Labs
4. What is Intel’s Tick-tock strategy?

The process and architecture are updated every two years, with the process upgraded in the Tick year and the microarchitecture upgraded in the Tock year.
5. What is a heterogeneous chip?

Bare chips with different process technologies, different functions, and different instruction set architectures are packaged into one chip to form a computing system.

lux168

1. What is a P-type semiconductor and what is an N-type semiconductor? N-type semiconductor, doped with the 5th group elements, electrons are carriers P-type semiconductor is formed by doping with elements of the third main group, and holes are carriers. 2. What are the characteristics of PN junction? The PN junction has the electrical characteristics of unidirectional conduction and reverse cutoff. 3. Who invented the first point-contact germanium transistor? Bell Labs 4. What is Intel’s Tick-tock strategy? The process and architecture are updated every two years, with the process upgraded in the Tick year and the microarchitecture upgraded in the Tock year. 5. What is a heterogeneous chip? Bare chips with different process technologies, different functions, and different instruction set architectures are packaged into one chip to form a computing system.

还没吃饭

Very good question.

1. P-type semiconductor refers to semiconductor materials doped with trivalent impurities (such as boron), in which the number of electrons is small, forming holes (positive charge carriers) as the main carriers. N-type semiconductor refers to semiconductor materials doped with pentavalent impurities (such as phosphorus), in which the number of electrons is large, forming free electrons (negative charge carriers) as the main carriers.

2. PN junction is a structure formed by direct contact between P-type semiconductor and N-type semiconductor. It has the following characteristics:

- The PN junction has unidirectional conductivity, that is, when it is forward biased, current can flow through the PN junction, but when it is reverse biased, current hardly flows.

- When forward biased, the holes in the P region and the free electrons in the N region diffuse toward the PN junction region to form a depletion layer in which there are no mobile carriers.

- When the forward bias voltage increases to a certain level, the depletion layer becomes narrower and carriers begin to pass through the PN junction, forming a forward current.

- When reverse biased, due to the expansion of the depletion layer, a high electric field region is formed, which prevents carriers from passing through the PN junction and almost no current flows.

3. The first point-contact germanium transistor was invented by German physicists Walter H. Brattain and John Bardeen in 1947. Their invention laid the foundation for transistor technology and made important contributions to the subsequent development of integrated circuits and modern electronic technology.

4. The Tick-tock strategy is a process and architecture innovation strategy proposed by Intel in 2006. The goal of this strategy is to improve processor performance through process improvements in each process generation (Tick), and then improve performance through architectural innovation in the next process generation (Tock). This alternating approach enables Intel to provide higher performance and lower power consumption in each process generation.

5. Heterogeneous chips refer to integrated circuits composed of different types of chips. They can contain different processors, memories, sensors and other functional units, which can be manufactured using different processes and technologies. The design of heterogeneous chips can select the most suitable chip combination according to different application requirements, thereby providing higher performance and lower power consumption. Heterogeneous chips are widely used in artificial intelligence, deep learning and other fields.

I am eew_V04Cyi, thank you!