Analysis of the basic knowledge of weak current wiring in smart homes

In fact, it is not difficult to find that the design of weak current wiring is very important and must be taken seriously. This is the first step to realize a digital home. Think about it, if you want to add any new needs after the decoration is completed, you can only use open wires. Of course, you may use wireless technology to achieve it, but there are many problems that cannot be solved by wireless connection at present, so mastering some knowledge of weak current wiring will definitely benefit you a lot.

The weak current wiring system we are talking about is the fourth essential household infrastructure after water, electricity and gas. It is a basic work and very important for building a digital home. The weak current processes information, that is, the transmission and control of information. Its characteristics are low voltage, low current, low power and high frequency. The main consideration is the effect of information transmission, such as the fidelity, speed, breadth and reliability of information transmission. The pipe arrangement method of weak current is almost the same as that of strong current, and it also needs to be put through PVC pipe. It is better to use a wire cross section of no more than 40% of the cross section of the PVC pipe. I would like to emphasize that you must not put too much wire, and strong current and weak current must not be put in the same pipe. And try to separate them as much as possible. The distance between strong current and weak current should be at least 20 cm, otherwise there will be interference.

Television is a common form of family entertainment and leisure. The elderly and children at home have different preferences and have their own fixed viewing channels and "exclusive columns". If there is a television in every room, there will be no fight for the remote control. You may say, don't we have a cordless phone? We can use it when the time comes, but in fact, no one will put a beautiful cordless phone in the kitchen or bathroom. The previous situation of shouting and running to answer the phone in the whole room will no longer happen. Your conversation is free and confidential. Rooms can also talk to each other.

INTERNET, a word full of modern sense, is also being integrated into our lives. Sitting at home, you can easily work, entertain and shop online through the Internet, and truly enjoy the convenience and comfort of being able to get everything done without leaving home. Nowadays, many cities in China have opened broadband IP metropolitan area networks, and the concept of "broadband information community" has increasingly become the choice of families today. We can provide not only broadband to the home, but also "broadband to the table", "broadband to the bed", and anywhere you need! Make your online life better!

Many friends ignore the pre-laying of lines during decoration. After the decoration is completed, they find that the two rear surrounds cannot be solved. Pulling the exposed wires is not good-looking and safe. It is time-consuming and costly to tear it down and redo it. It may also destroy the overall effect of the decoration. Therefore, before decoration, friends who like music must not forget the wiring project of this system.

Many people think that it is not necessary to watch movies in the living room. You have to walk to the DVD player to control it. Simple things become complicated. Now there are advanced infrared learning remote control devices, which allow you to easily control the devices outside in your room without getting up. You can also listen to your favorite programs (music) at night without disturbing others' rest. Why not?

After a tiring day, you can come home and relax freely, listen to music, feel the tranquility and warmth of home, and the stress of a day's work will fade away. The background music design can be arranged according to your needs in any room including the kitchen, bathroom, study, balcony, etc., and high-fidelity music can be transmitted to each room through one or more sound sources. The volume of each room can be independently controlled according to your needs.

When designing the wiring, we should consider the needs of the future. For example, in addition to setting up information points next to the computer desk and sofa, do we need to set up information points in the kitchen to accommodate occasional surfing while eating breakfast in the kitchen, or the needs of smart refrigerators in the future? It is also a very insightful approach to set up information points behind the TV cabinet. From game consoles, set-top boxes to TVs, it won't be long before we see various home appliances equipped with RJ-45 Ethernet interfaces. At present, power line networking has begun to enter the practical stage.

Each household can introduce 2 Category 5 4-pair twisted cables, and 2-core optical fiber can be installed when necessary; 1-2 75Ω coaxial cables and corresponding sockets should be laid simultaneously; each household should be equipped with a wall-buried home information access box, and each bedroom, study, living room, dining room, etc. should be equipped with no less than 1 information socket, or optical cable socket, and 1 cable TV socket, which can also be set according to user needs; the main bathroom should also be equipped with an information socket for the telephone; each information socket, optical cable socket or cable TV socket should be connected to the wall-buried home information access box, and 1 Category 5 4-pair twisted cable, 2-core optical cable or 1 75Ω coaxial cable should be laid; the wall-buried home information access box should be in place at one time to meet long-term needs.

The purpose of household weak-current wiring is to share resources such as the Internet, telephone, and cable TV. It is best if the main rooms have these three interfaces. The frequency division equipment for the Internet, telephone, and cable TV at home generally has one input and four outputs (there are also more, which are more expensive). If there are two bedrooms and one living room, you can generally leave network, telephone, and TV interfaces in the living room, master bedroom, and second bedroom, a TV interface in the dining room, and a telephone interface in the bathroom. If there are more rooms, you can choose to reserve them; you can also run all the wires out first and put them in the weak-current distribution box, and you can replace the plugs leading to each room when necessary. Audio and video are different. Although they can also be divided and shared, they can basically only provide signals to one terminal at the same time at home. I don’t think it’s necessary to leave interfaces in every room.

In order for weak-current wiring to meet the requirements of sharing and intercommunication, frequency division or switching equipment must be used. The switching equipment for the internal and external networks of the network is a router (for LAN) or a modem (for ADSL), which is also a cat, and the price is about 300 yuan. The switching equipment for the internal network is a switch or a hub. It is better to use a switch, which costs less than 200 yuan. Hubs can be bought for 80-90 yuan now. There are routers with built-in switches and cats with built-in routing and switches on the market, and the price is 300-500 yuan. It is recommended to use them. The switching and frequency division equipment for telephones is a switch or a junction box. A switch is also better, and the price is 100-200 yuan. The junction box is very cheap, but the rooms cannot communicate with each other, and it cannot carry more than 3 telephones; the frequency division equipment for TVs is a frequency divider (branch), which everyone should know.

There are three ways to access the Internet: dial-up directly; ISDN is also called a one-line connection; ADSL is also called a super one-line connection; LAN is a network cable connection; and there is also cable TV and power lines. The first two are outdated and do not need to be considered; the latter two are not popular and are only available in a few places. ADSL and LAN are currently the mainstream. The theoretical transmission speed of ADSL is 8M/sec for downloading, and LAN can reach 100M/sec. However, telecommunications generally only open 512K-2M bandwidth. In actual use, it is also subject to the limitations of line conditions, number of users and telecommunications outlet width, and generally cannot reach the maximum value. It is not certain which of ADSL and LAN is faster when currently used, but network cable connection should be the development direction and should be given priority if possible.

If you want to access the Internet in different rooms at the same time, there are two options: one is to install a router or modem with a built-in switch, and the other is to install simulation software on one of the computers and use the computer as a proxy server. The cost is that if other computers access the Internet, the proxy server must be turned on. It is recommended to use the first method. In addition, the modem provided by China Telecom for ADSL generally does not have a switch, so you have to buy one separately.

Weak current wiring network uses 8-core network cable; telephone uses telephone line; cable TV uses coaxial cable. If there is a weak current distribution box, the three lines can be put into one casing, which is more convenient. The network cable is eight-core. At present, there are four lines in the family that are not actually used. You can borrow two lines as telephone lines, but the effect is not as good as running them separately. Telephone lines also have 2-core, 4-core and 6-core lines. There are also two lines for use at home. The quality of the cable is very important (especially the coaxial cable). My experience is that if signal interference or attenuation is found, the problem may be more than 70% of the time, and the machine is less likely to have a problem. But now there are a lot of fake and inferior cables, so you must pay attention when buying.