How many crossovers are needed for car audio? What are their functions?

Car audio speakers are related to the number of crossovers

The crossover is to separate the treble and bass, or to separate the treble, midrange and bass. First of all, you need to understand the role of the crossover. The four speakers you mentioned may be one speaker for each of the four doors. If so, then the two speakers in the front door are midrange and bass speakers, and the rear door is a coaxial speaker. In this case, adding a crossover is meaningless, or it will not work. Because you don't have a tweeter. Do you understand?

The normal solution is this: two mid-bass speakers + two tweeters + two frequency dividers for the front door. Two coaxial speakers for the rear door (or two mid-bass speakers + two tweeters + two frequency dividers). Then do vibration and sound insulation for the car door. Only in this way can the effect come out. Many mid- and low-end family cars have poor treble, so it is best to focus on treble. Achieve a balance between high and low frequencies, so as to achieve the desired effect.

Car crossover

A car audio crossover is an audio device that can divide sound signals into several frequency bands. For example, a two-way crossover is composed of a high-pass filter and a low-pass filter, while a three-way crossover adds a band-pass filter. We know that the frequency range of normal audible sound is between 1.5 and 2.5, and we hope that only one speaker can be used to broadcast it. It is difficult to make such a wide frequency sound because it will cause various technical problems and difficulties. Therefore, under normal circumstances, high-quality playback systems, in order to ensure the frequency response and bandwidth of the reproduced sound, mostly use high-bass separation playback in the professional field. When using high-bass separation playback, a crossover must be used.

Types of crossovers

Frequency dividers can be divided into different categories according to different classification methods:

According to the circuit connection method of each unit in the crossover, it can be divided into: series crossover and parallel crossover. The industry now mostly uses parallel crossovers, and its main advantage is that each of the multi-way speakers can be regarded as an independent part. If a series crossover is used, any part may affect the characteristics of high pass and low pass. The crossovers discussed in this article are all parallel crossovers.

According to the level, it can be divided into high-level crossover and low-level crossover. High-level crossover is also what we usually call passive crossover. It refers to the high-power signal amplified by the power amplifier, and then divided and output to a specific unit by the passive crossover. Low-level crossover is also called active crossover. It is composed of active electronic high-pass and low-pass filters, and is generally installed in the host or the front part of the power amplifier.

Other classification methods of crossovers include classification by playback frequency band, which can be divided into high-pass, band-pass, and low-pass crossovers. According to the electronic components of the crossover and the attenuation slope, crossovers can be divided into first-order, second-order, third-order, and fourth-order crossovers.