P0-P4 motor architecture analysis, motor position and combination, P0

The torrent of the new energy era has begun to sweep the market, and the era of fuel vehicles has slowly begun to draw to a close, but the electrification transformation cannot be completed overnight, so hybrid technology is a good transition point for car companies to transform. Readers who have paid attention to the field of hybrid vehicles should have heard of terms such as "P-type motor", so what exactly is it and what role does it play in hybrid technology?

In fact, in hybrid vehicles, the motor position can be divided into P0-P4 and Ps architectures, where P stands for motor position. The larger the number after P, the farther away from the engine. Motors in different positions play different roles, and the role they play is directly related to the vehicle's energy consumption and power.

P0: BSG motor softly connected to the engine crankshaft through a belt

The P0 motor is located on the front-end accessory drive system (FEAD), which is the location of the inverter on ordinary cars. This inverter is a small generator at the front end of the engine, which is flexibly connected to the engine crankshaft through a belt. When the engine is running, a small amount of energy will be transferred here to drive the inverter to generate electricity. The P0 hybrid is to change this inverter into a larger motor.

The technology and structure of the P0 motor are relatively simple and its application is also very wide. The automatic start-stop technology now equipped in many models is a P0 architecture. Compared with models equipped with only the automatic start-stop function, the P0 hybrid architecture adopts a higher-power BSG (belt-driven starter/generator integrated motor) and is equipped with a larger capacity battery, which can simultaneously drive the compressor and assist the engine operation.

Vehicles equipped with P0 motors can drive the mechanical compressor of the air conditioner when the engine is stopped (such as waiting at a red light), realize engine start-stop, brake energy recovery and power generation, and auxiliary power output. Compared with traditional starter motors, P0 motors have higher power.

When the vehicle is stationary and starting, the P0 motor works as a starter, and when the engine is running, the P0 motor becomes a generator. When the vehicle is driving, the P0 architecture motor can directly bring the engine speed to a more efficient range and then ignite and start. This can not only improve the engine's operating efficiency, but also effectively increase the smoothness of the entire hybrid system when the engine intervenes. This mode is also mostly used in the hybrid mode of the P0+P4 architecture. When engine intervention is required, the P0 motor will adjust the engine speed and then ignite.

Advantages of P0 architecture:

The advantage of the P0 architecture is that it enables the system to have higher power generation efficiency and better smoothness. Because it is connected to the engine belt end, as long as the engine is running, the P0 architecture motor can continue to generate electricity and store it in the battery. However, the energy consumption of the P0 motor is not large, so the motor is not always in the power generation state. The hybrid system will judge according to the real-time working conditions of the engine and start generating electricity when the engine is in the high-efficiency range.

Disadvantages of P0 architecture:

Because the P0 motor transmits power to the wheels in series, it cannot drive the vehicle independently without the engine, so there is no pure electric mode and pure electric endurance, which is not environmentally friendly. In addition, because the P0 motor is flexibly connected to the crankshaft through a belt, the efficiency of adding power to the engine and recovering kinetic energy is not very high.

P0 architecture representative models:

Therefore, P0 is generally only used in automatic start-stop systems, 12-25V mild hybrids and 48V weak hybrids. Audi SQ7 TDI and Mazda i-Eloop mild hybrid systems belong to the P0 architecture. Due to the low transmission efficiency of the P0 architecture and the inability of the motor to directly drive the wheels, P0 motors usually appear as auxiliary in the field of new energy vehicles.

Summarize:

The PO motor architecture is a BSG motor that is softly connected to the engine crankshaft through a belt. It has higher power than the traditional starter motor and can drive the compressor and assist the engine. It has high power generation efficiency and good smoothness, but because the flexible connection efficiency is not high, it mostly participates in hybridization as an assistant.