China Energy Storage Network News: On November 18, the 22nd United Nations Climate Change Conference closed in Marrakech, Morocco. This is the first United Nations Climate Change Conference after the Paris Agreement officially came into effect on November 4 this year. The Paris Agreement advocates low-emission development of greenhouse gases, requiring that the global average temperature rise be controlled within 2°C above pre-industrial levels, and efforts be made to limit the temperature rise to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. How to achieve this goal? At the 2016 Taishan Forum and the Paris Agreement Implementation Seminar and the China Micro Energy Network Industry Technology Innovation Alliance Annual Meeting held in Beijing recently, experts proposed that a micro energy network could be vigorously constructed.
What is Micro Energy Network
Micro energy network is a regional network for comprehensive utilization of smart energy. It is guided by the optimal utilization of energy. It is an intelligent regional energy production, use, storage, dispatch and control system that is organically linked to the energy Internet. It is a basic component of the energy Internet. It has a high proportion of new energy access and operates relatively independently. It can achieve a basic balance between local energy production and energy load through energy storage and optimal configuration, realize the multi-energy complementarity of various distributed energy sources such as wind, light, and natural gas, and can flexibly interact with the public power grid as needed.
The concept of micro energy network is a bit difficult to understand. We just need to understand that it is to solve the problem of smart energy use at the end. Is smart energy use at the end important? Yes, it is very important.
Last November, at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris, China solemnly pledged that it would peak carbon dioxide emissions around 2030 and strive to achieve that goal as soon as possible; carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP in 2030 would be reduced by 60% to 65% compared with 2005; and the proportion of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption would reach about 20%.
"The determination of peak and other voluntary contribution targets has actually established a reverse driving mechanism for China's quality, efficiency, green, low-carbon and sustainable development," said Xie Zhenhua, China's special representative for climate change affairs and deputy director of the Population, Resources and Environment Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
A World Bank report shows that although China's cumulative energy savings accounted for 52% of the world's total over the past 20 years, its energy consumption per unit of GDP in 2014 was still 1.7 times the world average, far higher than that of developed countries. The energy efficiency level of coal-fired industrial boilers and the average operating efficiency of motor systems are more than 10 percentage points lower than the world's advanced level. Carbon dioxide emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels have ranked first in the world, close to the total emissions of the United States, Japan and other countries. Although China is the country with the largest scale of renewable energy utilization in the world, non-fossil energy still accounts for only 12% of primary energy consumption, while 25% of energy consumption in the European Union and some developing countries comes from non-fossil energy.
In order to cure haze and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, my country must vigorously develop clean energy and renewable energy. However, in the process of vigorously developing new energy, we have encountered the problem of access to a large number of intermittent power sources on the power generation side. The biggest difference from traditional power generation technology is that new energy power generation represented by wind and solar energy belongs to primary energy and cannot be stored. The random volatility of wind and solar energy determines the random volatility of their power generation. After large-scale new energy power sources are connected to the power grid, they will have a huge impact on the power grid. Smart grids that lack demand-side (load-side) response cannot actively digest some local imbalances by coordinating the load side, and can only rely on their own capabilities for passive adjustments. "Economically developed regions such as the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta do not have enough electricity, and can only limit electricity during peak load periods. Although the Northwest and the Three North regions are ideal wind and solar power plants, they have a weak industrial foundation, low electricity consumption, and poor wind and photovoltaic power transmission and transformation capabilities, resulting in a large amount of wind power and photovoltaic power cannot be transmitted, and can only abandon wind and photovoltaic power. In some areas, during some periods, the abandonment rate of wind and photovoltaic power has reached an astonishing 90%." Feng Dong, vice chairman of the China Micro Energy Network Industry Technology Innovation Alliance, said.
In this context, the research and construction of new energy systems represented by micro energy networks have become inevitable. The idea of micro energy networks is to replace the traditional energy Internet with centralized production and passive consumption with a distributed development and localized efficient utilization of micro energy network systems; with users as the center, let users really participate, cut peaks and fill valleys, strengthen response on the basis of demand side management, and achieve balance between supply and demand. In layman's terms, ordinary families and individuals will no longer be simple energy consumers, but may also become energy producers and sellers. When every enterprise, every building, and every family can participate in the production of renewable energy, the entire energy system and the traditional way of energy production and consumption will be completely changed. As a result, the problems of the last mile of the smart grid, such as the addition of new energy and the integration of multiple energy sources, are expected to be solved.
How does the Micro Energy Network work?
The micro energy grid has the four-in-one characteristics of energy storage, energy saving, demand-side response, and distributed multi-energy complementarity. The coordinated control of horizontal multi-complementarity and vertical park network storage is the key to its successful operation.
"One of the main differences between micro energy grids and traditional power grids is that micro energy grids can digest and balance distributed energy locally, and can also exchange energy with large power grids. Therefore, the control and related protection technologies within micro grids are somewhat different from those of large power grids." said Zhang Jianhua, director of the Transmission and Distribution System Research Institute of North China Electric Power University and member of the National 973 Program Energy Expert Advisory Group.
Micro energy network uses a comprehensive energy management platform to control local energy flow, information flow, and business flow. Therefore, a three-dimensional information perception system must be established first. Three-dimensional information perception mainly realizes all-round monitoring and collection of information such as power grid, heat network, gas network, transportation, users, meteorology, and even production scheduling to obtain complete park data information. Information perception requires the use of underlying intelligent sensing equipment in the park energy Internet, including various intelligent measuring meters, intelligent sensors, and concentrators responsible for information aggregation. Micro energy network predicts energy and load based on this three-dimensional information. The accuracy of prediction is an important prerequisite for accurate energy management and efficient utilization.
After that, it is the optimization and dispatch of multiple energy sources such as electricity, natural gas, heat, and water. There are various methods for optimization and dispatch, among which the two main types of algorithms are hierarchical and distributed. The central dispatch controller issues decision instructions to the electricity, heat, and gas networks according to the optimization dispatch plan or intelligent decision, and the execution controller issues execution instructions to the underlying equipment to change the system operation status.
Zhang Jianhua used microgrid as an example to explain several key technologies of micro energy network:
Control technology for distributed power generation. Distributed power sources range from tens of kilowatts to tens of megawatts, plug-and-play, clean and environmentally friendly.
Microgrid control and protection technology. This includes island detection and operation control technology for microgrids under different power supply modes, protection and active safety control technology for microgrids, group coordination control technology for interconnected operation of microgrids in high penetration scenarios, and centralized and decentralized control and protection devices suitable for microgrids.
Energy storage technology. Energy storage technology can improve the economy and flexibility of the system, smooth the volatility of renewable energy, and improve the stability in transient processes. It is a key technology. Currently, there are mainly solutions such as lithium batteries, vanadium flow batteries, and supercapacitors.
Energy management technology. For residential users, commercial users, and industrial users, interactive electricity consumption models such as baseline load, planable load, and adjustable load are established. With the help of monitoring systems such as photovoltaic power generation, wind turbines, and fuel cells, the status of distributed power sources, energy storage, and loads in the microgrid is monitored and predicted, and the optimal control strategy is generated to achieve stable and economical operation of the microgrid.
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