3. Europe
Germany's household energy storage is a highlight of European energy storage applications. The energy storage capacity installed by German households is generally between 3kWh and 10kWh. If it exceeds 10kWh, renewable energy tax must be paid. Therefore, the energy storage capacity installed by most households is less than 10kWh. The technologies used are mainly lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries, with lithium batteries being the majority.
There are several main reasons why German households install solar storage systems:
1. The retail price of electricity in Germany (about €0.28/kWh) is much higher than the power generation income obtained from FIT (€0.12/kWh), which makes it attractive to add batteries to the photovoltaic system and increase the proportion of self-use;
2. Have a strong desire to be independent from the power grid and generate electricity on their own;
3. For the earliest batch of users who applied for self-generation subsidies, the 20-year mandatory grid connection and subsidy period gradually expired, and they had to purchase energy storage equipment for their own use;
4. The deposit interest rate of German banks is 0, and purchasing energy storage equipment is also a means of investment.
Germany has great potential for household energy storage. Germany has more than 100,000 households with household photovoltaics installed, but only 9,000 have installed energy storage. In 2014, Germany sold about 10,000 energy storage systems, which means that one out of every five photovoltaic systems sold includes energy storage. According to a report by EuPD Research, 13,000 energy storage systems will be sold in 2015, which means that one out of every three photovoltaic systems sold will include energy storage. It is expected to reach about 60,000 units in 2017.
In the first half of the year, the German residential energy storage market remained active. Some energy storage product suppliers launched new products in Germany. For example, Samsung SDI launched two residential energy storage products, 5.5kWh and 8kWh, at the Intersolar Europe Summit (2015) in Munich, Germany. The new products integrated photovoltaic inverters, battery PCS and lithium-ion batteries. Some suppliers cooperated with strategic partners to develop German energy storage business. For example, LG Chem and Siemens signed an MOU to respond to Germany's growing demand for energy storage (the growing demand for stabilizing the distribution network). Some suppliers also announced their entry into the German residential energy storage market in the first half of the year, such as Japan's Kyocera Group.
Apart from household energy storage in Germany, other European countries have rarely taken action in the application of battery energy storage. However, in the first half of this year, Northern Ireland, Chile, the Netherlands, Denmark, the United Kingdom and other European countries began to explore the application of energy storage in traditional electricity markets. For example, SEV, a power producer and distributor in the Faroe Islands, deployed Europe's first lithium-ion battery project for wind farms on the Faroe Islands; the US company Beacon Power announced that it would build Europe's first flywheel energy storage project in Ireland for renewable energy grid connection, smooth output and auxiliary services; Northern Ireland and the Netherlands in Europe will use AES's energy storage system to build the first local advanced energy storage project, providing fast and accurate frequency regulation auxiliary services to improve grid efficiency and reliability. European countries other than Germany have begun to pay attention to and explore the application of energy storage in traditional power grids, which is undoubtedly a very important step for energy storage to open up the European market.
4. Japan
In the first half of 2015, several large-scale energy storage projects emerged in Japan, mainly using lithium-ion battery technology and sodium-sulfur battery technology. Their main purpose was to solve two problems: one was to help access renewable energy, and the other was to solve the problem of power supply safety and stability during natural disasters.
In the fall of 2014, Kyushu Electric Power Company, Tohoku Electric Power Company, Hokkaido Electric Power Company and other utilities suspended the integration of photovoltaic power into the grid for a period of time due to the excessive momentum of solar power generation projects. The power companies had to evaluate how much renewable energy power could be integrated without causing safety problems for the grid. Earlier this year, Kyushu Electric Power Company announced that it would install a 50MW sodium sulfur battery energy storage system (provided by NGK) at a power plant in southwest Japan, and Tohoku Electric Power Company also proposed to install a 40MW/40MWh lithium titanate battery energy storage system (provided by Toshiba) at the Minami Soma substation project. Both large-scale projects are used to solve a series of problems in the integration of large-scale photovoltaic power into the grid. The Japanese government provided a total of US$257 million in support for these two projects.
In addition, in order to solve the power outages caused by natural disasters, the application of household energy storage/community energy storage has also developed rapidly in Japan. In March of this year, GE installed an energy storage system in Japan's "Future Disaster Prevention Facilities Plan" pilot project. The "Future Disaster Prevention Facilities Plan" is a pilot project led by Sekisui Building Co., Ltd. in Ashikaga Castle in Miyagi Prefecture. It includes a large-capacity energy storage system, a cogeneration internal combustion engine, a solar power generation device (720kW) and various LED lighting equipment. The purpose of the plan is to maintain environmental friendliness under normal circumstances and to ensure the safety of local residents and industrial/commercial users when natural disasters occur.
5. China
Judging from the projects put into operation, planned and under construction in the first half of the year, there are two application hotspots in China, one is distributed generation and microgrids, and the other is renewable energy grid connection. The former mainly includes some independent microgrid projects developed to solve the problem of power supply on islands, and there are also some grid-connected microgrid projects used in the industrial field. Enterprises use peak and valley electricity prices and capacity electricity price reductions to save electricity costs. The latter is mainly to solve the problem of large-scale renewable energy grid connection, and some attempts or demonstrations are made on energy storage. Since there is no profit mechanism acceptable to investors in this field, although the individual projects are large, there are fewer project opportunities.
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