Teach you to master the various components of switching power supply design

I. Resistors: 1. Sampling resistors - constitute the sampling circuit of the output voltage and send the sampled voltage to the feedback circuit. 2. Voltage-equalizing resistors - play the role of voltage equalization in the symmetrical DC input circuit of the switching power supply , also known as balancing resistors. 3. Voltage-dividing resistors - constitute a resistor divider. 4. Discharge resistors - can discharge the charge stored in the capacitor in the electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter when the power is off . 5. Current-limiting resistors - play the role of current-limiting protection, such as current-limiting resistors used as voltage-limiting resistors for voltage-stabilizing tubes, optocouplers and input filter capacitors. 6. Current detection resistors - used in conjunction with overcurrent protection circuits to limit the output current limit of the switching power supply . 7. Shunt resistors - provide bypass for the current. 8. Load resistors - load resistors of the switching power supply (including equivalent load resistors). 9. Minimum load resistors - the minimum load resistors required to maintain the normal operation of the switching power supply , which can avoid excessive output voltage due to open loads. 10. Dummy loads - loads temporarily connected when testing the performance indicators of the switching power supply (such as resistors, cement resistors). 11. Filter resistors - used as filter resistors in LC filters, RC filters, and π filters. 12. Bias resistors - used to provide bias voltage to the control terminal of a switching power supply , or to stabilize the operating point of a transistor. 13. Protection resistors - commonly used in RC absorption loops or VD, R, and C clamp protection circuits. 14. Frequency compensation resistors - such as the RC frequency compensation network that constitutes an error amplifier . 15. Damping resistors - used to prevent resonance in the circuit.

II. Capacitors: 1. Filter capacitors - form input filters, output filters, etc. 2. Coupling capacitors - also known as DC blocking capacitors, which block DC signals and only allow AC signals to pass. 3. Decoupling capacitors - such as power supply decoupling capacitors, which can prevent self-oscillation. 4. Soft start capacitors - form soft start circuits, which slowly build up the output voltage and output current during the soft start process. 5. Compensation capacitors - form RC type frequency compensation networks. 6. Acceleration capacitors - used to increase the switching speed of transistors. 7. Oscillation capacitors - can form RC type and LC type oscillators. 8. Differential capacitors - form differential circuits to obtain sharp pulses. 9. Bootstrap capacitors - used to increase the power supply voltage of the input stage, and can also form voltage feedforward circuits. 10. Delay capacitors - form RC type delay circuits with resistors. 11. Energy storage capacitors - such as pump capacitors in polarity reversal DC/DC converters. 12. Phase shift capacitors - form phase shift circuits. 13. Voltage doubling capacitor - forms a voltage doubling rectifier circuit with a diode. 14. Noise elimination capacitor - used to filter out noise interference in the circuit. 15. Neutralizing capacitor - eliminates the self-oscillation of the amplifier. 16. Interference suppression capacitor - in EMI filters, it can filter out series mode and common mode interference respectively. 17. Safety capacitor - includes X capacitor and Y capacitor. 18. X capacitor - can filter out the common mode interference generated by the coupling capacitor of the primary winding and the secondary winding, and can provide a return path for the interference current coupled from the primary side to the secondary side, preventing the current from coupling to the ground through the secondary side. 19. Y capacitor - can filter out series mode interference between power grids, and is often used in EMI filters.

3. Inductors: 1. Filter inductors - form LC filters. 2. Energy storage inductors - commonly used in buck or boost DC/DC converter circuits. 3. Oscillation inductors - form LC oscillators. 4. Common mode inductors - also known as common mode chokes, commonly used in EMI filters to suppress common mode interference. 5. Series mode inductors - also known as series mode chokes, which use a single winding structure and are generally connected in series in the input circuit of a switching power supply . 6. Frequency compensation inductors - form LC and LCR frequency compensation networks.

4. Transformer: 1. Power frequency transformer - transforms and isolates the AC power supply, and then supplies power to the DC/DC converter (i.e. switching regulator) after rectification and filtering. 2. High frequency transformer - stores energy, transforms and isolates the high frequency power supply, and is suitable for switching power supplies without power frequency transformers .

V. Diodes: 1. Rectifier diodes - low-frequency rectification, high-frequency rectification. 2. Freewheeling diodes - commonly used in step-down DC/DC converters; if a freewheeling diode is connected in parallel at both ends of the windings of relays , motors, etc., a discharge circuit can be provided for the back electromotive force to avoid damage to the driver tube. 3. Clamping diodes - form a VD, R, C type clamping circuit to absorb peak voltage and protect MOSFET power field effect tubes. 4. Blocking diodes - the diodes in the clamping protection circuit are also called damping diodes. 5. Protection diodes - used in half-wave rectifier circuits to provide a circuit for AC power in the negative half cycle. 6. Isolation diodes - can achieve signal isolation. 7. Anti-saturation diodes - connecting a diode in series to the base of the power switch tube can reduce the saturation depth of the power switch tube and increase the turn-off speed.

6. Rectifier bridge - converts AC voltage into pulsating DC voltage and sends it to the filter. The rectifier bridge can be composed of four rectifier diodes, or a finished rectifier bridge can be used.

7. Zener diode - forms a simple voltage-stabilizing circuit; connected to the output end of the switching power supply to stabilize the output voltage when no-load; the primary-side clamping protection circuit is composed of the Zener diode, fast recovery diode and resistor-capacitor elements; it constitutes an overvoltage protection circuit.

8. Transistor - used as the power switch tube of PWM modulator; constitutes the voltage control and current control loop of constant voltage/constant current output switching power supply ; constitutes the current cutoff control loop of the cutoff output switching power supply ; constitutes the on/off control, undervoltage, overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection and other circuits of the switching regulator.

9. Field Effect Transistor - MOSFET is used as a power switch tube for PWM modulator or switching regulator controller .

10. Operational amplifier - constitutes the external error amplifier, voltage control loop and current control loop, etc.