Working mechanism and characteristics of GLED

Below we will give a comprehensive introduction to the working mechanism of GLED and its substantial characteristics.

1. Working principle:

1. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of e-precession discharge, in which a is the anode and c is the cathode. The preferred wick of GLE is composed of an Ω-shaped cathode spiral and a columnar anode located in the cavity; the top arc part of the Ω-shaped cathode spiral is coated with oxide electron powder, and the two sides of the Ω-shaped cathode spiral are coated with vacuum zirconium powder; the columnar anode is located in the center of the inner cavity; the working gas is the same as other discharge lamps.

2. Electrons are emitted from the hot spot at the top arc of the Ω-shaped cathode spiral. Due to the repulsion of the nearby cathode, the electrons have a large enough angular momentum when leaving the hot spot, so most of the electrons will not hit the anode immediately, but enter the symmetrical logarithmic electric field established by the columnar anode and the Ω cathode (close to the core column side), and continuously move in an e-shaped spiral orbit with a long mean free path (up to 10 meters). In the process of the electrons moving in the e-shaped spiral orbit, the mercury vapor is excited, the electrons also lose energy, the orbit gradually shrinks, and finally falls on the columnar anode.

3. Mercury ions generated by mercury vapor are excited by the non-uniform electric field, which makes the mercury ions have a large enough angular momentum. Therefore, most of the mercury ions will not hit the hot spot immediately, but enter the fan-shaped radial electric field established by the columnar anode and the Ω cathode (away from the core column side), and continuously make elliptical orbits of varying sizes with the hot spot as the focus (due to the repulsion of the columnar anode on the mercury ions, the long axis of the ellipse is outside the wick), and also have a long mean free path. In the process of mercury ions making elliptical orbits, mercury vapor continues to be excited and ionized, and a large number of mercury atoms transition and radiate ultraviolet rays to form an arc discharge ball. Mercury ions also lose energy due to continuous excitation and transition, and the orbit gradually shrinks, completing the e-shaped spiral orbit motion, and finally falling on the hot spot of the Ω cathode.

4. Due to the interaction between plasmas (particles of the same kind repel each other, and particles of different kinds attract each other), at every moment when electrons and mercury ions are discharging in an e-shaped spiral orbit, there is another e-shaped spiral orbit advancing, i.e., e-precession motion, thus completing the e-precession discharge and producing a seamless arc discharge ball!

2. Features

GLED has the appearance of incandescent lamp, the effect of energy-saving lamp and the life of electrodeless lamp, as follows:

1. Incandescent lamp appearance

It is obvious that the shape of the seamless arc discharge ball excited by the GLED's e-precession discharge matches the shell of a traditional incandescent bulb.

2.Effect of energy-saving lamps

The energy-saving lamps are energy-saving mainly because they use the newly developed rare earth fluorescent materials (tri-primary color fluorescent powder). The compact fluorescent lamps produced by the newly developed rare earth tri-primary color fluorescent powder - energy-saving lamps have achieved a good combination of high light efficiency and high color rendering. Replacing incandescent lamps with them can achieve a certain energy-saving effect. This energy-saving effect is only due to the fact that the glass tube is coated with tri-primary color fluorescent powder, which makes people feel fresh and bright in color, as if the brightness has been increased by 30%, and has nothing to do with the appearance design of the lamp!

When the energy-saving lamp is lit at high frequency, the light efficiency of the lamp is significantly improved compared with 50 (60) Hz. This is due to the disappearance of the electrode oscillation in the half cycle as the anode, which reduces the electrode drop loss, rather than the improvement of the positive column area efficiency. Studies on some fluorescent lamps have found that when the AC power supply frequency of fluorescent lamps increases from 50Hz to above 20kHz, the light efficiency can generally be improved by 10%.

GLED uses direct current lighting, the electrodes do not oscillate at all, and the bulb is coated with three-primary color phosphors, so energy saving of about 40% can be achieved.

3. Life of electrodeless lamp

The return of the emission material coated on the cathode of the discharge lamp means that after the emission material molecules leave the cathode, they are ionized into positive ions, and under the action of the electric field pointing to the cathode, the emission material returns to the cathode. When the cathode thermal emission capacity is sufficiently large, about 85~90% of the thermally evaporated emission material returns to the cathode, which greatly reduces the consumption rate of the emission material.

GLED uses DC lighting, with a columnar anode pointing to the Ω cathode with a constant DC electric field. About 85~90% of the thermally evaporated emission material returns to the cathode, which makes the cathode electron powder almost without loss. Its lifespan is comparable to that of an electrodeless lamp, which is also desirable.