Design of intelligent parking information service system based on Internet of Vehicles

The system solution for upgrading and transforming the comprehensive parking information system of the Luwan District Static Traffic Station based on the Internet of Vehicles technology and the system solution for the Internet of Things construction of the Taipingqiao Garage were proposed. By upgrading the website's intelligent functions of the "Shanghai Luwan Parking Guidance Service Network", the parking service information release channels are richer, the service scope is wider, and the service methods are more flexible, reflecting the intelligence level of the website information service. By implementing the Internet of Things construction and application in the underground parking lot of Taipingqiao in Xintiandi, mobile payment, parking space reservation, wireless sensing, vehicle positioning and inquiry, parking guidance in the field and other functions are realized, which greatly improves the level of urban parking management and the capabilities of the intelligent information service system. The system uses Internet of Vehicles technology to greatly improve the efficiency of the Luwan District intelligent parking system and effectively solve the many problems faced by urban traffic informatization.

1. Introduction

Traffic congestion, traffic accidents , and environmental pollution have gradually become important issues affecting the lives of urban residents. Governments and traffic system engineers in various countries have tried to improve traffic conditions in various ways. Solving traffic problems requires starting from the two directions of "travel" and "parking". While fully tapping the potential of road traffic, people are increasingly thinking about solving traffic problems from the perspective of parking. Therefore, on the one hand, a large number of parking lots need to be built, and on the other hand, advanced information technology is also needed to publish parking lot location information, empty parking spaces and other information throughout the journey.

In the daily operation and management of the parking guidance system in Luwan District, there are still some problems to be improved, such as: the existing driving route navigation and parking information services have not been integrated, and the traffic information query of drivers is still cumbersome; during the peak parking period, when parking spaces are tight, some high-end users have the need to make advance reservations for parking spaces, which cannot be met; there is a lack of internal guidance in the parking lot, and in parking lots with many parking spaces, car owners often cannot find their vehicles when leaving the parking lot. The new system combines the use of advanced technologies such as Internet of Vehicles technology, BP neural network, three-dimensional street view, and ultrasonic detection, effectively overcomes its shortcomings, and proposes a complete system solution.

2. Overview of the overall system architecture

2.1 Overview of the overall architecture of the comprehensive parking information service system

The intelligent parking platform of the system consists of an effective parking space prediction system, a parking space query system, a mobile Internet server, a website server, a voice seat query system and a query information database. The intelligent parking platform can provide car owners with route guidance, three-dimensional street views, real-time parking information query, parking space reservation, voice service, SMS service, mobile Internet access and other functions.

2.2 Overview of the overall architecture of the Taipingqiao parking service IoT system

The Pacific Parking Garage has a complex terrain and many vehicles. After entering the parking lot, the owner's vision is often blocked by vehicles and pillars. He cannot find the vacant parking spaces at the first time and can only patrol blindly to find parking spaces. No one knows about the vacant parking spaces in remote areas, and the utilization rate of parking spaces is low. It is impossible to accurately count the traffic volume at different times, and it is impossible to make operational adjustments and optimize resources in time. For "outside car owners" who are unfamiliar with the garage environment, it is difficult to determine their parking location. In order to effectively solve some of the above problems, we combine the Taipingqiao garage system with the Internet of Things technology to solve the problem of parking difficulties in the Taipingqiao garage. The system is mainly composed of an import and export management system, an on-site guidance system, a vehicle location query system, and a parking reservation system.

2.3 Overview of the overall architecture of the intelligent parking service system based on Internet of Vehicles technology

The Taipingqiao parking service IoT system is an independent computer system that is interconnected with a comprehensive parking information service platform to form an intelligent parking service system based on vehicle network technology. Parking users of the entire system can learn specific parking information through text messages, automatic call centers, mobile phone access or network access, which greatly facilitates parking users to understand specific parking information of parking garages, so that parking users can make timely reservations for parking spaces, greatly saving the time of parking users looking for parking spaces.

3. Key technologies of the system

3.1 Internet of Things Technology

The Internet of Things refers to a huge network of objects connected to each other, formed by integrating various objects with the Internet through various information sensors and data collection devices through wired or wireless communication methods. The role of the Internet of Things is to integrate everything that was originally unrelated to the network but is closely related to our lives and work into the network, combining it into a more intelligent production and living system, greatly improving human control and management efficiency of things, and greatly promoting the development of our lives, production and even the entire society.

3.2 Internet of Vehicles Technology

The Internet of Vehicles refers to the electronic tags installed on vehicles, which use identification technologies such as wireless radio frequency to extract and effectively utilize the attribute information and static and dynamic information of all vehicles on the information network platform, and effectively supervise the operating status of all vehicles and provide comprehensive services according to different functional requirements. The Internet of Vehicles can realize information exchange between vehicles, between vehicles and buildings, and between vehicles and infrastructure. It can even help realize "dialogue" between cars and pedestrians, cars and non-motor vehicles. Just like the Internet connects each single computer, the Internet of Vehicles can connect independent cars together.

3.3 RFID Technology

RFID is a contactless automatic identification technology that automatically identifies the target object and obtains relevant data through radio frequency signals, without human intervention. Currently, RFID technology has been applied in some fields, such as logistics and supply chain management, non-stop toll collection systems, etc.

4. Implementation of the main system of comprehensive parking information service

4.1 Implementation of Voice Guidance System

The voice guidance system can guide car owners to find parking lots. This not only saves the driver's time, but also reduces the time the vehicle stays on the road, which also helps to alleviate road congestion. To this end, a call center is built, and the agents provide road guidance, information query, parking space reservation and other services to car owners who call in. The entire call center will be in/out through the PBX, and support incoming calls from IP phones, landlines and mobile phones. The PBX will transfer the incoming signaling to the local agent through the LAN, or route it to the remote agent through the Internet.

4.2 Implementation of SMS Function

Car owners can tell their location to the SMS service platform by sending text messages. The service platform will return the planned guidance route and garage information to the driver's mobile phone, and guide the driver to drive to the parking garage via SMS, so that the driver can get parking guidance service anytime and anywhere.

The SMS query system uses China Mobile's MAS or Qixintong service. Users can edit SMS messages and send them to a designated number to query parking spaces. The query results are returned to the user's mobile phone in the form of text descriptions. Users can query parking space information at the current destination, or add predicted events to query parking space information at a certain time in the future.

4.3 Implementation of mobile Internet access

Traditional browsing methods on personal computers are slowly being replaced by mobile communication technology as it innovates. A survey of domestic smartphones shows that, in addition to the original functions of phone calls and text messages, mobile Internet access has become the most commonly used function by users.

For drivers, mobile devices such as mobile phones are undoubtedly more convenient query tools than personal computers.

The introduction of a wireless network-based query platform for mobile communication devices is in line with the scientific development concept that keeps pace with the times and meets the immediate needs of the general public. The Shanghai Luwan Parking Guidance Network has specially opened a special access channel for it. Through a query system tailored for the browsing habits of mobile phones and other devices, the latest information can be queried anytime and anywhere. Together with the upgraded website, it will provide users with a seamless query experience.

4.4 Implementation of Parking Reservation System

The parking reservation system provides services such as telephone reservation, SMS reservation and website reservation. Parkers can send reservation requests to the parking information service platform in different ways. The parking information service platform processes the relevant reservation requests and interacts with the parking lot management system to send the parking person's reservation request to the parking lot terminal. When the driver drives the vehicle to the parking lot, the parking lot management system determines whether the vehicle currently entering the parking lot is a reserved vehicle based on the relevant reservation information saved in the reservation information list, and processes the reservation information.

4.5 Implementation of parking space prediction system

The parking space prediction system of the parking lot adopts BP neural network technology. There are many neural network models. The effective parking space prediction model constructed by using the error back propagation neural network (also known as BP network) can accurately predict the changes of effective parking spaces in the short term. It is an effective parking space prediction model that can better meet the travel decision-making needs of users and the operation and management needs of enterprises operating parking lots.

5. Implementation of the main IoT system for Taipingqiao parking service

5.1 Implementation of parking entrance and exit management system

The parking fee collection in this system adopts three methods: manual charging, remote card reader automatic charging and multi-functional payment based on mobile phone SIM card.

Manual charging: Manual charging is mainly for temporary vehicles and users who pay in cash. Before the temporary vehicle leaves the venue, the owner hands the temporary ticket to the staff, who swipes it on the hourly rental card reader. The computer automatically charges according to the vehicle entry time and the corresponding charging standard , and stores it in the database. The owner pays in cash according to the displayed amount. At the same time, the image acquisition device will automatically capture the vehicle image and compare it with the data stored in the database. After confirmation, the gate will be opened to release the vehicle.

Long-distance card reader automatic charging: Long-distance card reader automatic charging is mainly for long-term users. When the cardholder vehicle leaves the site, it only needs to hold the card within 3-15 meters of the exit control machine, and the RFID long-distance card reader will automatically read the information on the owner's card and calculate and deduct the corresponding parking fee. At the same time, the image acquisition device will automatically capture the vehicle image and compare it with the data stored in the database. After confirmation, the system will automatically open the gate to release the vehicle.

Payment by mobile phone SIM card: Through cooperation with China Mobile (or China Telecom), SIM card is used to realize small amount payment in parking lot, and the diversified application of parking lot system is realized. The operation process is consistent with the payment of public transportation card. Before the vehicle leaves the parking lot, the owner passes the centralized payment terminal and swipes the temporary ticket on the reader. The computer automatically calculates the fee according to the vehicle entry time and the corresponding charging standard, and stores it in the database. The owner can pay the fee by mobile phone SIM card according to the displayed amount. At the same time, the parking transaction record is saved in the background database for query of charging information and settlement with the mobile company's background system. The parking lot charging system and the mobile company's SIM card application system interact according to the data format required by the SIM card application system.

5.2 Implementation of the on-site guidance system

The on-site guidance system consists of parking information collection equipment and parking guidance equipment, and mainly uses technologies such as ultrasonic detection and map monitoring. It is intended to provide parking guidance for vehicles entering the parking lot, including guidance on the entrance area (or floor), on-site zoning guidance, and parking indicator lights, so that drivers can find available parking spaces as quickly as possible.

The on-site guidance system consists of parking space information collection equipment (ultrasonic parking space detector), parking space information release (LED parking space indicator light), front-end control equipment (control host) and background management system (on-site guidance system software).

5.3 Implementation of parking location query system

The parking location query system consists of license plate recognition equipment, RFID card reader and query terminal. It is planned to realize the reverse query operation of the parked vehicles through the reverse car search system, so that the driver can find the parking location of the vehicle as soon as possible. The specific system structure is shown in the figure above. First, a positioning unit system is needed, which can be a parking space unit or a region unit to realize the positioning of long-term user vehicles and temporary user vehicles; secondly, the total section equipment needs to be positioned, mainly through the RFID card reader installed on the top of the partition junction channel; thirdly, the system also needs to set up a query terminal device. When the vehicle leaves the site, the vehicle can be located through the query terminal. The query terminal uses a touch query all-in-one machine with mature technology on the market, with a variety of appearance options, product host configuration, and external devices can be adjusted accordingly according to actual use needs; finally, the license plate recognition camera and RFID card reader in the system are all collected to the control host, and the control host communicates with the background server through the network cable to upload the relevant positioning information of temporary user vehicles and long-term user vehicles. The control host is placed in the central control room.

5.4 Parking Space Reservation Equipment Deployment System Implementation

The parking space reservation system is mainly implemented through the parking reservation server, parking reservation software and connected to the comprehensive parking information system through the webservice interface. The specific structure is shown in Figure 2:

6. Overall realization of intelligent parking information system based on vehicle network technology

The intelligent parking information service system based on the Internet of Vehicles technology is shown in Figure 6-1. Car owners can make reservations for parking spaces in Taipingqiao Garage through the comprehensive parking information platform. When making reservations, car owners are required to enter the license plate information and reservation time. The comprehensive parking information platform sends the reservation information to the Taipingqiao parking lot data server through the Webservice interface, and the parking lot system will reserve/release parking spaces based on the information. After the reservation user enters the garage, he can enter the parking normally after passing the information verification (license plate and reservation time) and taking the card. Each authorized parking user entering the Taipingqiao Garage has an on-board RFID card (Internet of Vehicles). The RFID card supports long-distance radio frequency identification. The long-distance card is placed under the windshield. When the vehicle enters the parking lot, the long-distance card reader installed at the entrance can identify the card and record the entry time; when people drive out of the parking lot, the long-distance card reader at the exit completes the recognition again, and the parking fee can be calculated. The system automatically completes the deduction. After the information is confirmed to be correct, the gate is automatically opened and released. During the whole process, the driver does not need to stop the car, and there is no manual operation, which can save a lot of time.

7. Conclusion

This paper introduces the implementation scheme of the comprehensive parking information service system based on vehicle network technology. The RFID long-distance card reader using vehicle network technology is innovatively installed in the entrance and exit channels of the parking garage. Wireless communication is carried out through the RFID long-distance card reader installed on the entrance and exit channel control machine, the vehicle-mounted long-distance RFID card, the Taipingqiao parking garage control center and the comprehensive parking control center. In this way, traffic information is collected, integrated and released, and at the same time, traffic is coordinated and managed with the help of various means and equipment. It not only improves the management and service level of urban public parking, improves the utilization rate and balance of public parking lots, reduces the additional traffic volume caused by blindly searching for parking spaces, alleviates the traffic congestion of the road network in the region, and reduces the incidence of traffic accidents. In addition, it makes the release channels of parking service information richer, the service scope wider, and the service mode more flexible, reflecting the intelligent degree of website information services, and greatly improves the level of urban parking management and the capabilities of intelligent information service systems.