Abstract: Aptamers are a group of oligonucleotide sequences (single-stranded DNA or RNA) that can bind to target molecules with high affinity and specificity, obtained by in vitro screening through the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment. As a new type of functional molecules, aptamers have been increasingly used in life sciences, chemistry and other fields. After labeling aptamers with different types of tracer molecules, this type of aptamer probe can intuitively convert the specific recognition of aptamers and target molecules into sensitive tracer signals, thereby providing a sensitive and specific new mode for the detection of metal ions, organic small molecules, macromolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins, and even cells. This article describes the application of aptamer probes in various sensing technologies, and focuses on the latest developments in aptamer probe fluorescence sensing technology. Keywords: systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment; aptamer; aptamer ribozyme; fluorescence resonance energy transfer; cell imaging;
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