Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) such as photovoltaic and wind power generation have the characteristics of randomness and intermittency. In order to suppress the adverse effects of RESs output fluctuations on the power grid, an energy storage system (ESS) capacity optimization method for smoothing the power output of RESs power generation system is proposed. Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) is used to analyze the spectrum of RESs output power. Based on the spectrum analysis results, the minimum capacity of ESS is determined considering the constraints of ESS charging and discharging efficiency, state of charge (SOC) and target power output fluctuation rate of RESs power generation system. The method is verified in a wind power generation system using the actual observed wind speed data of Washington State, USA and the 20-min active power fluctuation specification (maximum fluctuation rate of 10%) of the wind farm connected to the grid of Tohoku Electric Power Company, Japan. The example results show that the maximum fluctuation rate of wind turbine output can be reduced from 61.7% to 9.9% with a smaller capacity by using this method.
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