Definition and Advantages of Differential Signaling A differential signal is a signal that represents the difference between two physical quantities using a single value. Strictly speaking, all voltage signals are differential because one voltage can only be measured relative to another voltage. In some systems, the system ground is used as a voltage reference point. When ground is used as a voltage reference, the signal arrangement is called single-ended. We use this term because the signal is represented by the voltage on a single conductor. A differential signal, on the other hand, is applied to two conductors. The signal value is the difference in voltage between the two conductors. Although not strictly necessary, the average value of the two voltages will often remain the same. A way to compare differential signals is to think of differential signals as two people on a seesaw. When one person is moved up, the other person is moved down - but their average position remains the same. Continuing with the seesaw analogy, a positive value would mean that the person on the left is higher than the person on the right, while a negative value would mean that the person on the right is higher than the person on the left. Zero means that both people are at the same level when applied electrically. The two seesaws are represented by a pair of wires labeled V+ and V-. When V+>V-, the signal is defined as a positive signal.
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