As the main protection of transformer, the key issue of longitudinal differential protection is how to correctly identify the excitation inrush current and the short-circuit current during internal fault. Based on the introduction of the causes and characteristics of the excitation inrush current, this paper focuses on analyzing and summarizing the characteristics and applications of the principle of identifying the excitation inrush current based on waveform characteristics proposed at home and abroad in recent years, analyzes the main problems and causes of the existing schemes, and provides a certain reference for the identification of transformer excitation inrush current. It points out that how to extract and comprehensively apply the transformer voltage and current characteristic information to identify the excitation inrush current will become a key issue in improving the performance of traditional transformer main protection.
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