As a system that can remotely control the charging and discharging of lithium batteries, this design can provide power for electronic devices in harsh environments. The communication part of the lithium battery charging and discharging control system uses RS485 communication. The PC side is used as the upper computer to issue lithium battery charging and discharging commands, and the STM32 microcontroller is used as the lower computer to execute the charging and discharging control commands for the lithium battery. The entire system consists of a charging circuit, a discharging circuit, a voltage and current sampling circuit, a charging and discharging indication circuit, and a buzzer alarm circuit. The control system visualizes the data through the obtained lithium battery voltage and current information. When the voltage reaches 4.2V during charging, the charging process is terminated and the lithium battery is protected from overcharge; when the battery voltage is less than 2.8V during discharge, the discharge process should be terminated and the lithium battery is protected from low voltage. Experiments have shown that this design can prevent problems such as battery overcharging, over-discharging, short circuit, and overcurrent, enhance the system application flexibility, and improve the safety factor.
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