Engineering Design of Security and Protection System The design of security and protection system is the first and most critical step to complete a security and protection system engineering project. As we all know, the correctness and rationality of the design of any engineering project will directly affect the implementation of the entire project. In addition, the design must have a basis and certain steps to meet both user requirements and engineering specifications. Engineering design is divided into preliminary design and formal design. Preliminary design is sometimes also called scheme design, which is a key step in the implementation of a security project. For level 1 and level 2 projects, preliminary design (scheme design) must be carried out first, and formal design can only be carried out after verification by the competent department and relevant experts. In this chapter, each design requirement will be described in detail, and the preliminary design of security engineering will be specifically explained in Section 6 of this chapter for readers\' reference. 25.1 Design Procedure and Steps The most fundamental basis for design should be the user\'s design task book and the relevant national specifications and standards. The so-called design task book refers to the user\'s written requirements for the overall functions, technical performance, technical indicators, number and model of intrusion detectors used, number and model of cameras, camera lens requirements, pan/tilt requirements, working environment conditions, transmission distance, control requirements, etc. of the system according to his own needs, and serves as the basic basis for the designer. However, sometimes due to various reasons of the user, it may be difficult to provide a design task book that meets the regulations or can explain all the conditions in written form. In this case, the designer and the user are often required to complete the design task book together. Sometimes, the user verbally tells the designer about his general requirements for the system, agrees to the design plan proposed by the designer, and then modifies it, and then directly forms a design plan. However, this practice is strictly speaking non-standard. Therefore, the design procedure and steps should be carried out in the following order: (1) The user provides a design task book. (2) The designer proposes a design plan based on the design task book and relevant specifications and standards. The design plan is generally a rough design, so it is also called a preliminary design. The main contents of the design plan (preliminary design) should include: (a) Plan layout diagram (front-end equipment layout diagram). (b) System structure block diagram (the diagram should indicate the configuration quantity, distribution, transmission method, etc. of various equipment). (c) System function description (including the function of the entire system, the function of the equipment used, monitoring coverage, etc.). (d) Equipment and equipment configuration list (including equipment model, main technical performance indicators, quantity, basic price or estimate, total project cost, etc.). (3) Submit the scheme design (preliminary design) to the user, solicit user opinions, make modifications, etc. After coordination and agreement between the two parties, the user shall sign and seal and return it to the designer (the user may keep a backup copy or a backup formal text). The two parties sign a contract. (4) Submit the scheme design (preliminary design) and other relevant materials to the technical security management department of the public security agency as required for preliminary review of the materials, and on this basis, the superior competent department of the construction unit (user) shall jointly with the technical security management department of the public security agency to verify the scheme design (preliminary design). (5) The designer shall conduct formal design based on the scheme design (preliminary design) that has been approved by the user and verified. The formal design document should include the contents of (1), (2), (3) and (4) in the scheme design (preliminary design), but they should be more precise and complete. In addition, the following important design documents should be included: (a) Construction drawings. Construction drawings are drawings that can guide specific construction. They should include the installation location of the equipment, the direction of the line, the distance between the lines, the model and specifications of the wires used, the model and specifications of the sheath pipes, installation requirements, etc. (b) Testing and debugging instructions. They should include instructions and requirements for the system\'s separate and joint debugging. (c) Other necessary documents (such as equipment manuals, product certificates, etc.) The above is the general form of the design procedure and steps. In terms of specific practices, some steps can be simplified, but overall they should not be too different. 25.2 Basic technical basis for design The so-called technical basis is, of course, the specific technical requirements related to the system design. This is different from the design task book. Generally speaking, the design brief is the requirement and description of the system function, while the technical basis is to understand, investigate and even conduct actual tests on some specific technical issues based on the system function requirements in the design, and then implement the technical conclusions in the design. Some of these issues are related to the requirements of the design brief, but they cannot be fully included and solved in the design brief. Therefore, the technical basis has its own characteristics and specific issues. Generally speaking, the technical basis of the design comes from the following aspects: (a) Relevant national standards and specifications (b) Design brief (c) Engineering site survey (d) Technical indicators of the equipment used in the equipment manual (e) Field of view calculation (f) Selection of transmission mode according to the overall situation of the system (g) Other necessary technical basis Among the above, engineering site survey is a very important link. It can be said that there is no situation where design is carried out without site survey. Site survey is a decisive factor in many aspects such as equipment configuration, installation location, transmission distance, working environment, transmission mode, etc. Therefore, this issue must be taken very seriously. During the on-site survey, records should be made and sketches drawn, etc., so as to serve as a basis for design. 25.3 Design of the system center The design of the system center should first be based on the number and layout of the intrusion detectors, cameras and other equipment at the front end of the system, as well as the situation and requirements of the entire system. Here are roughly the following situations: (1) The model and function of the alarm host are determined by the configuration of the intrusion detectors; (2) The number of cameras configured determines the number of input channels of the video switching host; (3) The number of cameras configured determines the number of monitors. For example, when using the 4:1 method, assuming there are 16 cameras, 4 monitors should be configured, and the number of monitors determines the minimum number of output channels of the video switching host. It should also be noted here that if there are devices such as video recorders on the control console, it should also be considered whether to use dedicated monitors to correspond to the video recorders or related equipment. (4) The nature of the lens used by the camera determines whether the control console should have corresponding control functions (such as zoom, focus, aperture control, etc.). (5) Whether the pan-tilt head is used determines whether the main control console should have corresponding control functions (such as horizontal and vertical movement control of the pan-tilt head). (6) Whether a decoder is used determines the way the console outputs control commands (when a decoder is used, the encoded signal output by the console is transmitted to the decoder via a bus; when a decoder is not used, the console outputs a direct control signal. Generally speaking, when the camera is far away from the console, there are relatively many cameras, and they all have zoom lenses and pan/tilt heads, the decoder method is used. Otherwise, the direct control method can be used). (7) Whether additional equipment should be installed on the console is determined by the transmission method. For example, in the case of RF transmission, an RF demodulator should be installed; in the case of optical fiber transmission, an optical demodulator should be installed, and so on. (8) Whether the remote video switching method is used is determined by the transmission distance, and thus the switching control method of the console and the control method of the remote switching are determined. In the case of long-distance transmission, other transmission methods such as video transmission, optical fiber transmission, and microwave transmission may also be used. (9) Based on the risk level of the user unit, user requirements, the number of cameras, and other factors, a comprehensive consideration is made to decide whether to use a video recorder, a long-delay video recorder, a multi-screen splitter, etc. (10) Based on the above situation, the configuration of power capacity, uninterruptible power supply, and purified voltage-stabilized power supply are determined. (11) Decide whether to use a separate TV monitoring system or a combination of a TV monitoring system and an anti-theft alarm system based on the risk level and user requirements. In short, the design of the system center should meet user requirements and ensure the functionality and reliability of the system as much as possible under practical, feasible and economical conditions. 25.4 Design of transmission system Since the transmission of anti-theft alarm system signals has been discussed in the previous chapters of this book, the focus here is on the design of television monitoring system signal transmission. The design of the transmission system is based on two important criteria: (1) transmission distance; (2) the number, type and distribution of cameras. When the transmission distance is long and there are many cameras, it is advisable to use optical fiber transmission, radio frequency transmission, video balanced transmission, remote video switching, etc. The video balanced transmission method is the best for black and white cameras. When the transmission distance is short, use video transmission. The above transmission methods and selection principles are introduced in detail in the previous chapters of this book, and readers can refer to them for selection. The following are some specific issues in the design of the transmission system. 1. Selection of cables for transmitting image signals The cables used to transmit image signals are coaxial cables with a characteristic impedance of 75Ω. The main types of such cables in my country are SYV-75-5, SYV-75-7, SYV-75-9, SYV-75-12, etc. The larger the tail number in the model, the thicker the cable, the smaller the loss, but the higher the price. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably select the cable according to the transmission distance and the selected transmission method. It is best to determine what kind of cable to choose based on the transmission distance, transmission method and cable model (mainly to determine the attenuation per unit length) through calculation. In addition, the environmental conditions and climate conditions when the cable is installed outdoors must be considered to determine the strength of the cable and its high and low temperature resistance. Sometimes, additional sheaths and armor must be considered. Some low-quality cables may not show any problems from the outside, but their characteristic impedance and other relevant technical indicators may not meet the requirements of the specified indicators. Special attention should be paid to this situation, otherwise many unexpected troubles will occur. If necessary, the selected cable can be tested as necessary.
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