Lithium battery is a type of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloy as negative electrode material and non-aqueous electrolyte solution. The earliest lithium battery came from the great inventor Edison. Due to the very active chemical properties of lithium metal, the processing, storage and use of lithium metal have very high environmental requirements. Therefore, lithium batteries have not been used for a long time. With the development of microelectronics technology in the 20th century, the number of miniaturized devices has increased, and high requirements have been placed on power sources. Lithium batteries have entered a large-scale practical stage. They were first used in pacemakers. Because the self-discharge rate of lithium batteries is extremely low and the discharge voltage is gentle. This makes it possible to implant pacemakers in the human body for long-term use. Lithium batteries generally have a nominal voltage higher than 3.0 volts, making them more suitable as integrated circuit power sources. Manganese dioxide batteries are widely used in computers, calculators, cameras, and watches.
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