Abstract: Unlicensed transmitters, used in remote keyless entry (RKE), home automation, home security systems, and other short-range devices (SRDs), have their intentional and unintentional radiated power limited by government regulations. These regulations are set by regulatory agencies in each country or region. The two agencies with the most influence in the market are the FCC in the United States and the ETSI in Europe. This application note describes the limits set by the FCC and ETSI for radiated power of amplitude-shift keying (ASK) transmitters operating in the ISM bands, including 315MHz and 433.92MHz. It also discusses the specific test methods used to verify that the transmitter meets the radiated limits and the test parameters that may affect the test results. The conditions necessary to pass these tests are described based on theoretical and measured spectra of ASK modulation and the radiated trace of the MAX1472 ASK transmitter measured on a spectrum analyzer. Overview The FCC in the United States and ETSI in Europe set limits on the transmitted power levels of unlicensed transmitters used in remote keyless entry (RKE), home automation, home security systems, and other wireless control devices. These power limit requirements apply to both intentional and unintentional or spurious emissions from these devices. These power limit values are combined with the appropriate test procedures to determine if the power emissions of the device meet the established specifications. The relationship between the test instrument settings and the transmitter\'s radiated characteristics has a significant impact on the test results (i.e., pass or fail). This application note explains how the modulation spectrum of an amplitude shift keyed (ASK) signal, the phase noise of the transmitter, and the transient frequency pulling of the transmitter VCO affect the test results.
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