Analysis of the principle of current loop Analysis of the principle of 4-20 mA current loop Recently, I have come into contact with many sensors, and most of the interface signals are 4-20 mA current signals. So I checked some information, but it was not very ideal. The following is what I wrote with reference to some online opinions and combined with my own understanding. If there are any mistakes, please point them out, and we will learn from each other and make progress together. In the industrial field, using an instrument amplifier to complete signal conditioning and long-line transmission will cause the following problems: First, since the transmitted signal is a voltage signal, the transmission line will be interfered by noise; second, the distributed resistance of the transmission line will cause voltage drop; third, how to provide the working voltage of the instrument amplifier on site is also a problem. In order to solve the above problems and avoid the influence of related noise, we use current to transmit signals because current is not sensitive to noise. The 4-20 mA current loop uses 4 mA to represent the zero signal and 20 mA to represent the full scale of the signal, and the signals below 4 mA and above 20 mA are used for various fault alarms. Generally, a sensor converts a physical signal into a corresponding electrical signal, such as voltage or current, using a bridge. Next, we will use a constant current source circuit to analyze how a voltage signal can generate a current signal that is independent of the load. Of course, if you want to generate a 4-20ma current signal, you can definitely do it after converting the voltage signal using an amplifier circuit. If the sensor directly outputs a current signal, it can be converted into a voltage signal first, and then it can definitely be converted into a 4-20ma current signal after passing through the signal conditioning circuit. Of course, others don’t need to know the relationship in the conversion process. But you have to know that when I was making a circuit to measure the pH value signal and the ion concentration signal last semester, I pushed out the relationship in the middle step by step, so that I could know how much physical quantity the 4ma current corresponds to, and how much physical quantity the 20ma signal corresponds to. There is too much nonsense, let’s take a look at this constant current source circuit [pic] This circuit is called the Haoland circuit, which is a typical voltage-to-current conversion circuit. Its characteristic is that one end of the load resistor is grounded (the constant current source usually has this requirement), while both ends of the sampling resistor are not grounded. The reason why this can be achieved...
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