Application of Microcells in GSM Networks Application of Microcells in GSM Networks In the cellular mobile communication system, in the early stage of network operation, the main goal of the operator is to build large macrocells to achieve the largest possible geographical coverage. With the increase of users, the macrocells are split and become smaller and smaller. When the cell is small to a certain extent, the cost of building a site will increase sharply, and the reduction of the cell radius will also bring serious interference. On the other hand, blind spots still exist, and the high traffic volume in hot spots cannot be well absorbed. Microcell technology is created to solve the above problems. Compared with macrocells, the main features of microcells are: 1. Small coverage, generally 100m~1km; 2. Low transmission power, generally 10mW~100mW; 3. Generally installed on buildings, wireless propagation is greatly affected by the environment. 4. Small size, convenient and flexible installation. Due to the above characteristics, microcells can be used as a supplement and extension of macrocells. The application of microcells mainly has two aspects: one is to improve coverage, which is applied to some blind spots that are difficult to cover by macrocells, such as subways and basements; the other is to improve capacity, which is mainly used in areas with high traffic volume, such as busy commercial streets, shopping centers, stadiums, etc. When microcells are used to improve network capacity, they generally form a multi-layer network with macrocells. Macrocells cover a large area as the bottom layer of the multi-layer network, while microcells cover a small area continuously and are superimposed on macrocells to form the upper layer of the multi-layer network. Microcells and macrocells are different cells in system configuration and have independent broadcast channels. In the multi-layer network structure, microcells mainly serve low-speed mobile stations. For high-speed mobile stations, in order to avoid dropped calls due to frequent switching, they should be served by macrocells. The system should have an algorithm to detect the moving speed. The quality of this switching algorithm directly affects the ability of microcells to increase capacity. In the early stage, micro cells are usually scattered in hot spots, with relatively concentrated traffic and small coverage area, which has limited capacity improvement. With the development of users, when hot spots are gradually connected from points to pieces, micro cells form an independent micro cell layer. Each micro cell is connected and covers continuously within a certain range. At this time, the network capacity can be greatly improved.
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