Principle Analysis of Impedance Another commonly used method of impedance data analysis is the Bode plot. In the Bode plot, the x-axis represents the logarithm of the frequency, and the absolute value of the impedance amplitude |Z| and the phase angle are both represented by the y-axis. Therefore, the Bode plot simultaneously represents the relationship between impedance and frequency and the phase angle and frequency. Nyquist plots and Bode plots are usually used together to analyze the transfer function of sensor elements. Sensors based on impedance characteristics Consider a sensor based on impedance characteristics. Under normal conditions, according to its capacitance, although the Nyquist plot is very common, it cannot give frequency information, so for any specific impedance, it is impossible to know what frequency value is used. Therefore, the Nyquist plot is usually supplemented by other curves. Figure 1. Nyquist plot when a resistor and a capacitor are connected in parallel. A common method is to use the resulting impedance and frequency curve as part of the data analysis. When the frequency is swept within a given range, the Nyquist plot is a curve in the complex plane with the real and imaginary parts of the transfer function as parameters. If the x-axis in the graph represents the real part and the y-axis represents the imaginary part (note: the y-axis is negative), the impedance representation at each frequency point can be obtained. In other words, each point on the curve represents the impedance at a certain frequency point. The impedance can be calculated from the vector length |Z|, and the angle between this vector and the x-axis is Ø. Figure 1 shows a typical Nyquist plot when a resistor and a capacitor are connected in parallel.
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