Interactive technical data of switching and transmission Interactive technical data of switching and transmission I. Circuit maintenance 1. Routine transmission fault handling requires that the fault handling be completed and the order be returned within the time limit of the fault work order; when replying to the fault work order, the work number of the person handling the fault needs to be filled in, and a brief description of the handling situation needs to be given; if the fault needs to be repaired, the consent of the switching room needs to be obtained depending on the actual situation of the fault, and the legacy fault needs to be tracked and eliminated; 2. The circuit fault location is mainly based on the loopback status (whether the DIP status is WO), and the DDF frame at the switching end is generally used as the point. If both ends of the switch are our company, both ends of the switch need to be self-looped. If only one end of the switch is our company, the loop is first made to the local end and then reported to the other end for processing. If both ends are self-looped normally, it is transferred to the transmission room for processing (self-built transmission). 3. Common causes of faults 1. The DDF plug rope is loose and the contact is poor. 2. The head is poorly soldered, the reed fails, and the connector is loose from the DDF. 3. Poor grounding or no grounding at all, especially for 120 ohm balanced lines. There is a problem with the grounding, and the sampling judgment reference level is incorrect. The signal cannot be restored correctly, causing bit errors or even interruption. Typical case: The loops on both sides are tested normal, but they are not connected when they are straightened. You should check whether the grounding is good. 4. The interface type of the port board does not match the cable type. For example, a 75-ohm cable is connected, and the dial of the interface board is at 120 ohms. 5. The port board is faulty. 6. The cable is interrupted. 7. The transmission network is interrupted, there is a problem with the transmission quality, and the cross-connection data is wrong. 8. The transmission protocol of the side equipment does not correspond. For example, one side has the CRC check turned on, and the other end is closed. 4. Fault analysis In the daily network maintenance process, transmission failure is the most common fault. With the expansion of our network, the number of circuits has increased rapidly, and our maintenance volume has also increased sharply. Although transmission failures are relatively simple, the transmission channel is usually long, involving many devices, and different devices have different characteristics. Sometimes the situation is still relatively complicated. It is not an easy task to complete maintenance tasks efficiently and with high quality. The following will introduce the basic principles of transmission, give examples of various fault conditions, and provide methods for quickly judging and handling faults. Circuit signal principle The current network mainly uses pulse code modulation (PCM) time division multiplexing transmission mode, with 2M base group PCM as the basic unit, so we start with the analysis of PCM signal format. ……
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