The system introduced in this paper uses a single-chip microcomputer for pre-collection and pre-processing of data, achieving the characteristics of flexibility, real-time and low cost; then uses a PC for post-processing and display of data, achieving the characteristics of powerful data processing functions, intuitive display and friendly interface. This paper mainly discusses the common problems such as interface circuit design, serial communication and program writing in the communication between PC and single-chip microcomputer based on VB, and gives corresponding solutions. The low-frequency signal acquisition system is mainly based on the measurement of low-frequency signals (such as mechanical motion), and has strong versatility, a relatively complete low-cost and high-performance test system. In terms of hardware structure, it is mainly composed of a single-chip microcomputer (MCU), A/D converter, sample and hold, multi-way switch, RS232 communication module and PC. In terms of software structure, it is mainly composed of program modules such as multi-channel signal acquisition, digital filtering, sampling frequency adjustment, PC and single-chip microcomputer communication, real-time dynamic display of data, data processing and storage, historical curve display and automatic scale adjustment. The main performance indicators of this system are: 8-way analog signal input, which can be connected to various analog sensors with full-scale voltage less than or equal to 5V; 8-way digital signal input, which is used for external digital sensors, such as photoelectric encoders, etc.; the sampling rate is adjustable from 1Hz to 100Hz; data display and storage, PC real-time display and historical display are optional, and data is permanently stored; recording and display of peak values and current values in data processing, anti-pulse digital filtering, first numerical differentiation, second numerical differentiation, spectrum analysis, Kalman filtering, etc. The system circuit principle is shown in Figure 1, and the VB software interface is shown in Figure 2.
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