This paper reviews the history, current status and future prospects of intelligent mobile robot technology. It analyzes the navigation and positioning, multi-sensor fusion and other technologies of mobile robots in detail, and points out their advantages and disadvantages. It also further analyzes mobile robot technologies such as bionic robots, multi-robot systems and robot football. The research on mobile robots began in the late 1960s. Nils Nilssen and Charles Rosen of Stanford Research Institute (SRI) developed an autonomous mobile robot named Shakey[1] from 1966 to 1972. The purpose was to study the application of artificial intelligence technology to autonomous reasoning, planning and control of robot systems in complex environments. At the same time, the earliest operational walking robot was successfully developed, which started the research on robot walking mechanism to solve the problem of robot movement in uneven areas, and designed and developed multi-legged walking robots. The most famous of these is the walking robot named General Electric Quadruped[2]. In the late 1970s, with the application of computers and the development of sensor technology, mobile robot research reached a new climax. Especially in the 1980s, the development of computer technology and sensor technology led to the rapid development of mobile robot research. In the mid-1990s, the wave of designing and manufacturing robots swept the world. A large number of world-renowned companies began to develop mobile robot platforms, which were mainly used as mobile robot experimental platforms in university laboratories and research institutions, thus promoting the emergence of various research directions in mobile robotics. Since the 1990s, a higher level of research on mobile robots has been carried out, marked by the development of high-level environmental information sensors and information processing technology, highly adaptable mobile robot control technology, and planning technology in real environments.
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