Application of signal integrity principle in high-speed design Modern Wired Transmission Issue 2, June 2003 Circuit Design Application of signal integrity principle in high-speed design Zhu Tao (Optical Communication Branch, Datang Telecom Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610062) [Abstract] This paper discusses the general principle of signal integrity. Combining with multiple examples in the design of high-speed communication products, it points out that in high-speed design, attention must be paid to issues such as signal reflection, electromagnetic compatibility and crosstalk, and specific countermeasures are given. Keywords: Signal integrity Signal reflection Electromagnetic compatibility Crosstalk Transmission line theory must be introduced for analysis and design. When transmitting signals in a lossless transmission line, if the load impedance is not equal to the characteristic impedance of the transmission line, the signal will be reflected on the load. 1 Introduction In the design of modern communication transmission products, due to the rapid growth of various telecommunications services, the frequency of transmission product updates is getting faster and faster. One of the most notable features is that the capacity of transmission equipment is growing explosively, which leads to faster and faster signal rates inside products. Product designers are required to use faster chips and design faster high-speed circuits. However, the application of traditional circuit analysis theory can no longer meet the needs of actual design. Signal integrity theory must be introduced to solve practical problems in design. The importance of signal integrity principle in high-speed design is becoming increasingly prominent. Figure 1 General model of transmission line 2 Signal integrity principle and its application Signal integrity problems can be divided into three aspects: signal reflection, electromagnetic compatibility and crosstalk. Among them, electromagnetic compatibility and crosstalk are not completely independent. Most crosstalk problems can also be classified as electromagnetic compatibility problems. However, from the perspective of practical application, since crosstalk problems are more common, they are listed separately. 211 Signal reflection As shown in Figure 1, the signal transmission path can be divided into three parts: the transmitting end, the intermediate transmission line and the receiving end. In actual design, the intermediate transmission line corresponds to a coaxial cable or an impedance-controlled printed line. Its impedance should be continuous and consistent, otherwise reflection will occur at the point where the impedance is discontinuous; there is output impedance at the signal transmitting end and load impedance at the receiving end. Appropriate impedance must be selected at these two points...
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