The methods commonly used by Hong Kong Railway to weld long rails are mainly thermowelding and flash butt welding. Thermit welding uses special aluminum powder mixed with iron oxide powder Fe2O3 to weld based on the principle of displacement reaction (i.e. a more active metal extracts a less active metal from its compound, and the more active metal becomes a compound). Flash butt welding uses the resistance of the rail to heat the rail, melting the rail interface to make it join.
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