The increase in the functionality of portable devices necessitates efficient battery management techniques The increase in the functionality of portable devices necessitates efficient battery management techniques June 27, 2006 Since PDAs are portable devices, battery life and power management techniques are directly related to their usability. Figure 1 clearly illustrates the power management challenges of designing a battery-powered PDA, namely that the battery operating time must remain at a reasonable level despite the continuous addition of various energy-hungry features to the PDA, and the battery size and weight must continue to be reduced. This requires efficient energy conversion, precise control of the battery charge/discharge cycle, and the use of as many power-saving operating modes as possible. But even with these measures, PDA manufacturers are still developing higher capacity batteries to meet the growing load requirements. Energy density is the primary factor in battery selection. Li-ion batteries have become the choice of virtually all PDAs because they have an energy density that is 100% higher than their closest competitors. Discussion of power management techniques in three key areas The power management (PM) module is responsible for the power supply and management of the entire PDA system. Figure 1 outlines the framework of the PM module, which consists of three submodules: battery management, voltage management, and load management. |[pic] ||Figure 1: As features such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPS, and GSM/CDMA are gradually integrated into PDAs, the demand for more efficient battery management is growing. |Battery Management Submodule The battery management submodule is responsible for charging, protecting, and monitoring the battery. Its main function is to optimize battery utilization and extend system operating time. Its circuit structure depends on the selected battery chemistry, capacity, and number of charge/discharge cycles. Once these factors are determined, the power architect can select the charger topology (linear, PWM, or pulse mode) and battery protection scheme. A recent consideration includes reconfiguring the embedded IC charger to a lower charge rate (C-Rate) when the input switches from the AC power adapter to the current-limited USB bus voltage. …
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