With the development of the current society, energy, environmental protection and other issues are becoming increasingly prominent. Hybrid electric vehicles are increasingly valued by countries around the world for their low emissions, low noise, and energy saving. In order to improve the power and energy utilization of electric vehicles, the voltage of power batteries is getting higher and higher, and a special system is needed to manage the safety of the high-voltage system. According to the characteristics of hybrid structure and high-voltage circuit, on the basis of analyzing the working principle and operating principle of common batteries, this project takes MH-Ni batteries as the research object, analyzes the working principle of MH-Ni batteries, the voltage, current and temperature characteristics of batteries, and proposes a method for high-voltage control of electric vehicle battery packs, which can monitor the insulation state of the high-voltage electrical system of electric vehicles and detect the working conditions of high voltage. This project mainly completes the following work contents: pre-charge the battery and detect whether it is leaking outside; detect whether the battery is insulated inside; and perform fault detection on the battery. By precharging the external load, the battery external circuit leakage or short circuit is prevented, the battery box failure is reduced, and the service life of the battery module is extended; by detecting the internal insulation state of the battery box, the battery is prevented from affecting the system operation due to low insulation resistance and causing unsafe accidents; the diagnosis system can realize early prediction of battery failures and hidden dangers, thereby effectively increasing the driving range and trouble-free working time of the electric vehicle battery pack and minimizing the maintenance workload. Based on the selected electric vehicle battery management system (BMS), precharging the external load and detecting the internal insulation state of the battery box, this paper studies and proposes the judgment rules of safety conditions to realize the safety guarantee function in the electric vehicle battery management system (BMS). Simulation experiments show that the high-voltage electrical safety test system designed in this paper can realize the safe implementation management of the high-voltage system of electric vehicle batteries.
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