Animal cell and tissue culture is an important technical basis for animal cell engineering. Animal cell and tissue culture refers to the technology of taking tissues or cells from living organisms, simulating physiological conditions in the body, establishing sterile, suitable temperature and certain nutritional conditions in vitro, so that they can grow and survive, and maintain their structure and function. The concept of tissue culture The term tissue culture is actually a general term, and it is customary to refer to all in vitro cultures. According to the different cultures, it can be summarized into three different concepts: cell culture, tissue culture and organ culture. A: Cell culture: The technology of separating tissue blocks into single cells by mechanical methods or enzymatic methods, making cell suspensions, and then culturing them on solid substrates to grow into a single layer of cells, or culturing them in a suspended state in culture medium is called cell culture. B: Tissue culture: The process of placing a small piece of living tissue in a glass or plastic culture vessel filled with culture medium, and waiting for the tissue block to adhere and move and grow along the bottom plane is called tissue culture. The cells that grow out of the tissue block are still cells, and the cells move while growing, making it difficult for tissue culture to maintain its original structure for a long time, and the result is cell culture. C: Organ culture: refers to the culture technology that takes certain measures to make the primordium, part of an organ or the whole organ survive and grow in vitro and maintain its original structure and function. The practical significance of cell culture In biotechnology: production of various biotechnology products such as: rabies, polio and other virus vaccines, epidermal growth factor and interferon, interleukin and other growth factors and monoclonal antibodies. In scientific research: in virology, immunology, genetics, oncology and other aspects. In clinical medicine: analysis of fetal genetic diseases, drug screening and treatment of certain diseases, etc. Advantages of cell culture 1. The object of research is living cells. During the experiment, the cell vitality can be maintained at all times according to requirements, and the conditions of a part of living cells can be monitored, detected and even quantitatively evaluated for a long time, including the morphology, structure, life activities, etc. of living cells. 2. Research conditions can be artificially controlled. According to needs, physical and chemical conditions such as pH, temperature, oxygen, carbon dioxide, tension, etc. can be controlled. At the same time, chemical, physical, biological and other factors can be applied as conditions for experimental observation, and these factors can also be strictly controlled.
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