Chapter 2 of TTL Logic Gate Circuit Logic gate circuit refers to an electronic circuit that can perform some basic logic functions. It is called gate circuit for short. It is the basic unit circuit of digital circuit. From the production process point of view, gate circuit can be divided into two categories: discrete component gate circuit and integrated gate circuit. Discrete component gate circuit is rarely used now. This chapter will mainly introduce integrated gate circuit. The size of digital integrated circuit is usually divided according to the number of logic gates or components on a semiconductor chip. The specific classification is given below: Small scale integrated circuit (SSI): 1~10 gates/chip or 1~100 gate components/chip; Medium scale integrated circuit (MSI): 10~100 gates/chip or 100~1000 components/chip; Large scale integrated circuit (LSI): 100~10000 gates/chip or 1000~100000 components/chip; Very large scale integrated circuit (VLSI): more than 10000 gates/chip or more than 100000 components/chip. The commonly used integrated logic gate circuits are small-scale integrated circuits. Digital integrated circuits can be divided into two categories according to the different semiconductor devices used: one is an integrated circuit composed of bipolar junction transistors as basic components, called bipolar digital integrated circuits, which include DTL (Diode Transistor Logic), TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic) and ECL (Emitter Coupled Logic) circuits; the other is an integrated circuit composed of MOS transistors as basic components, called MOS (or unipolar) digital integrated circuits, which include NMOS (N-Channel Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) and CMOS (Complement Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) circuits. This chapter will mainly introduce the logic functions and electrical characteristics (mainly external characteristics) of the currently widely used TTL and CMOS gate circuits, and briefly introduce ECL and NMOS gate circuits. 2.1 Switching characteristics of transistors In digital circuits, semiconductor diodes are often used...
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