Tips for operational amplifier application design Tips for operational amplifier application design 1. How to amplify weak signals? Sensor + operational amplifier + ADC + processor is a typical application circuit of operational amplifier. In this application, a typical problem is that the current provided by the sensor is very low. In this case, how to complete signal amplification? For the amplification of weak signals, it is difficult to achieve good results with only a single amplifier. Some special methods and sensor excitation means must be used. The use of synchronous detection circuit structure can obtain very good measurement results. This synchronous detection circuit is similar to the phase-locked amplifier structure, including square wave excitation of the sensor, current-to-voltage amplifier, and synchronous demodulation. It should be noted that the current-to-voltage amplifier needs to use an operational amplifier with extremely low input bias current. In addition, a dual-channel SPDT analog switch is required for synchronous demodulation. When selecting and laying out operational amplifiers, capacitors, and resistors, special attention should be paid to selecting high impedance, low noise operations and low noise resistors: 1) Pay attention to balanced processing when designing circuits. Try to balance as much as possible, which is effective in suppressing interference. These can be found in the design manuals of operational amplifiers from companies such as National Semiconductor, BB (acquired by TI), and ADI. 2) It is recommended to add a metal shield to cover the weak signal part (open a small mold), and the metal body is connected to the circuit ground, which can greatly improve the circuit\'s anti-interference ability. 3) For the nA level of sensor output, select an op amp with an input current of pA level. If there is no great requirement for speed, the op amp is not expensive. Of course, the instrument amplifier is the best, but the cost is higher. 4) If a non-instrument op amp is selected, the feedback resistor should not be too large, and M ohm level is better. Otherwise, the resistance requirement is relatively high. The latter stage is further amplified by 2 levels, and a simple high-pass circuit is added in the middle to suppress 50Hz interference. 2. Bias setting of operational amplifier When a dual-power op amp is connected to a single-power circuit, there will be some dilemmas in setting the bias voltage. For example, is it better to use a resistor divider or a reference voltage source as the bias DC voltage? Some suggest using a reference voltage source because of its high accuracy and the ability to provide a lower AC bypass. Some use resistors because of their low cost and convenience. In this regard, it is emphasized that when a dual-power op amp is changed to a single-power circuit, the effect is best if a reference voltage is used. This reference voltage allows the system design to achieve the lowest noise and highest PSRR. However, if the resistor voltage divider is used, it must be considered...
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