Impedance Calculation Instructions Impedance Calculation Instructions Rev0.0 heroedit@hotmail.comz For beginners Many people have been asking me how to calculate impedance. Since so many people have asked, I want to organize some materials for you, which will be convenient for both you and others. If you have any questions or if there are any errors in the document, please feel free to discuss and give your advice! Before calculating impedance, I think it is necessary to understand the meaning of impedance herez The origin and meaning of transmission line impedance Transmission line impedance is derived from the telegraph equation (you can check microwave theory for details) As shown in the following figure, it is a distributed parameter equivalent circuit of parallel double conductors: From this figure, we can deduce the telegraph equation Taking the sinusoidal form of the voltage and current on the transmission line, we can deduce the general solution Define the characteristic impedance r=0, g=0 under the lossless line. Note the conceptual difference between this characteristic impedance and wave impedance (check the definition of wave impedance of plane waves for details)Z EH = εThis relationship is derived. The relationship between characteristic impedance and wave impedance can be derived from Ok. Understand what characteristic impedance is in theory and see its practical significance. When voltage and current propagate in the transmission line, if the characteristic impedance is inconsistent, the solution of the telegraph equation obtained is inconsistent, which causes the so-called reflection phenomenon, etc. In the field of signal integrity, problems such as reflection, crosstalk, and power plane cutting can be classified as impedance discontinuity problems, so the importance of matching is shown here. z Definition of stackup Let\'s look at the following stackup, an 8-layer board commonly used in motherboards (4 power/ground layers and 4 routing layers, sggssggs, defined as L1, L2...L8 respectively). Therefore, the impedance to be calculated is L1, L4, L5, L8. The outer routing is L1 and the inner routing is L5. Let\'s get familiar with some basic concepts in the stackup. The concept of Oz, which is often used when dealing with manufacturers, is originally a unit of weight. Oz (ounce) = 28.3 g (gram) In the stacking, it is defined as follows: the thickness of one ounce of copper on an area of one square foot is 1Oz, and the corresponding units are as follows: Oz/ft 1/4 Copper Thickness 0.36 Plating (mil)1/2 0.7……
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