Design of FPGA-based stepper motor acceleration and deceleration controller Design of FPGA-based stepper motor acceleration and deceleration controller 2009-05-05 08:06:02 Author: Huang Chufang Chen Hong Source: Shanxi Electronic Technology Keywords: acceleration and deceleration control FPGA VHDL stepper motor 0 Introduction Over the past few decades, the rapid development of digital technology, computer technology and permanent magnetic materials has opened up broad prospects for the application of stepper motors. The open-loop CNC system composed of stepper motors and drive circuits is very simple, cheap and very reliable. In addition, stepper motors are also widely used in printers, engraving machines, plotters, embroidery machines and automation instruments. Because of the wide application of stepper motors, more and more research has been conducted on the control of stepper motors. If the step pulse changes too quickly during startup or acceleration, the rotor cannot keep up with the change of the power-on signal due to inertia, resulting in stalling or loss of step; when stopping or decelerating, superstepping may occur due to the same reason. In order to prevent stalling, loss of step and superstepping and increase the operating frequency, the stepper motor should be controlled by speed increase and decrease. This article introduces a stepper motor speed controller for automatic edge grinding machines. Considering its versatility, it can be applied to other occasions. From the torque-frequency characteristics of the stepper motor, it can be seen that the output torque of the stepper motor decreases with the increase of the pulse frequency. The higher the starting frequency, the smaller the starting torque, the worse the ability to drive the load, which will cause loss of step when starting, and overshoot when stopping. In order to make the stepper motor quickly reach the required speed without losing step or overshoot, the key is to make the torque required by the acceleration during the acceleration process fully utilize the torque provided by the stepper motor at each operating frequency, and not exceed this torque. Therefore, the operation of the stepper motor generally goes through three stages: acceleration, constant speed, and deceleration. The acceleration and deceleration process time is required to be as short as possible, and the constant speed time is as long as possible. Especially in work that requires fast response, the time required to run from the starting point to the end point is the shortest, which requires the acceleration and deceleration process to be the shortest, and the speed at constant speed is the highest. In the past, speed increase and speed decrease were mostly selected according to the linear law. When this method is used, the change of its pulse frequency has a constant acceleration. Under the condition that the stepper motor does not lose steps, the acceleration of the driving pulse frequency change is proportional to the angular acceleration of the stepper motor rotor. When the torque of the stepper motor remains constant as the pulse frequency increases, the linear speed increase and decrease is ideal...
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