10kV distribution lines are the voltage level lines with the longest kilometers in the power system and are most closely related to users. Due to well-known reasons, the insulation level of 10kV lines is generally low, so it is very easy for porcelain support insulators to burst or break after being struck by lightning. For this reason, our company cooperated with relevant power supply units to propose some comprehensive measures to prevent lightning and breakage and developed related products. 2. Reasons for the bursting of porcelain support insulators or lightning breakage of 10kV bare conductors 2.1 Line lightning resistance level and arcing rate The insulation strength of 10kV lines is low, and its lightning resistance level is less than 5kA. More than 90% of the lightning that strikes the line will cause insulation flashover. A part of the flashover caused by lightning can be transformed into a stable power frequency arc. The arcing rate is related to the power frequency field strength E (discharge distance L). 2.2 Lightning current and power frequency short-circuit current action time The amplitude of the lightning current is mainly at the wave head, and its action time is 1-4 microseconds. When there is a power frequency short circuit, the short circuit current (1-16 kA in Shanghai) can cause the protective switch to trip immediately. Since the switch takes at least 0.2 seconds from receiving the signal to completing the trip, the short circuit current action time must be at least 50,000 times longer than the lightning current action time. 2.3 Heat generated by power frequency short circuit current and lightning current The heat generated by the current is Q=I2Rt. When the same current passes, R is equal (without considering the frequency factor). Assume that the short circuit current of a 10kV line is I1=1kA, the action time is t1=0.2S; the lightning current amplitude is I2=5kA, and the action time is t2=4µS Analysis and comparison Q1/Q2 = I12Rt/ I22Rt= (12×0.2×106)/(52×4)= 2000 When the same current passes, the heat generated by the 10kV power frequency short circuit current is 200 times greater than the heat generated by the 5kA lightning current. When the power frequency short-circuit current is 16KA, the heat generated will be 512,000 times greater than the heat generated by the 5kA lightning current. Therefore, the power frequency short-circuit current is the main reason for the explosion or disconnection of the overhead bare wire lightning-struck porcelain support insulator. 3. Analysis of the effectiveness of conventional lightning protection measures 3.1 Installing overhead ground wires Due to the low insulation strength of 10kV lines, the induced lightning overvoltage or the lightning current directly struck by lightning into the ground can easily cause the insulation to be counter-flashed, resulting in the explosion or disconnection of the lightning-struck porcelain support insulator. Therefore, the overhead ground wire can only reduce the explosion or disconnection of the lightning-struck porcelain support insulator, but fail to prevent the explosion or disconnection of the lightning-struck porcelain support insulator. 3.2 Installing lightning arresters Due to the limitation of the insulation strength of 10kV insulators, lightning waves cannot move to the adjacent gear, so it cannot prevent the explosion or disconnection of the lightning-struck porcelain support insulator. Unless each pole is equipped with a lightning arrester, this will affect the reliability of the distribution network. 4. Measures to prevent bare wire lightning-struck porcelain post insulators from bursting or breaking Through the analysis of the causes of lightning-struck line breakage, it is not difficult to propose the following measures to prevent lightning-struck line breakage: 4.1 Use FRP insulation crossarms FRP insulation crossarms have the advantages of high mechanical strength and good insulation performance. If used as post insulator crossarms (see Figure 1), the flashover path can be significantly increased, thereby greatly improving the lightning resistance level of the line, reducing the arcing rate of the line and basically avoiding the occurrence of lightning-struck line breakage accidents.
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