Several factors affecting the reliability and distance of wireless communication There are four main performance indicators of wireless communication distance: one is the RF output power of the transmitter; the second is the receiving sensitivity of the receiver; the third is the anti-interference ability of the system; and the fourth is the type and gain of the transmitting/receiving antenna. Among these four main indicators, the electromagnetic compatibility standards of various countries (such as the FCC in North America and the EN specifications in Europe) only limit the transmission power. As long as the two indicators of receiving sensitivity and the anti-interference ability of the system are optimized, the communication distance of the system can be expanded under the premise of meeting the FCC or CE standards. Factors affecting the wireless communication distance 1. Geographical environment The longest communication distance is the sea level and the flat open land without obstacles on land. This is also the geographical condition usually used to evaluate the communication distance of wireless communication equipment. The second is semi-obstacle and semi-open environments such as suburban rural areas, hills, and riverbeds. The shortest communication distance is in urban buildings or mountains. In short, the denser the obstacles, the greater the impact on the wireless communication distance, especially the greatest impact of metal objects. The loss of wireless signals in some common environments is shown in the table below. According to the path loss formula: Ld=32.4+20logf +20logd f=MHZ d=Km, it can be seen that for every 6dB loss of the signal, the communication distance will be reduced by half! Another factor is the multipath effect, so if there are many obstacles near the wireless module, it will also affect the communication distance and reliability. 2. Electromagnetic environment DC motors, high-voltage power grids, switching power supplies, electric welders, high-frequency electronic equipment, computers, single-chip microcomputers and other equipment have different degrees of influence on the communication distance of wireless communication equipment. 3. Climate conditions When the air is dry, the communication distance is longer, and when the air is humid (especially in rainy and snowy weather), the communication distance is shorter. Within the allowable ambient operating temperature range of the product, the increase in temperature will lead to a decrease in the transmission power and a decrease in the receiving sensitivity, thereby reducing the communication distance.
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