Design of Butterworth analog low-pass filter in microcomputer protection using Matlab and Protel: Analyzes the principle and design method of analog low-pass filter in relay protection, combines the design process of Butterworth low-pass filter, uses Matlab Signal toolbox to design the transfer function of analog low-pass filter, obtains the device parameters of the filter according to the coefficient of transfer function, and finally uses Protel sim5.0 to simulate the phase-frequency characteristic and amplitude-frequency characteristic of the low-pass filter. Keywords: microcomputer protection Butterworth filter Matlab Protel 1. Filter principle In microcomputer relay protection technology, analog filter is an indispensable link, and the pre-low-pass filter is an analog filter. In order to meet the sampling theorem and ensure that the signal is not distorted, the analog filter must filter out the signal higher than the sampling frequency fs/2. The function of the filter is to select useful frequency signals and suppress stray useless frequency signals; make the signal within a certain frequency range pass with little attenuation; generally, an active low-pass filter is used. The characteristics of active filters are high input impedance and extremely low output impedance, so there is good isolation between input and output, which is convenient for cascading; secondly, the frequency range of use is very wide, and the signal can be unattenuated and even amplified. The disadvantage is that active filters may cause output imbalance and drift with temperature changes. Since active filters have positive and negative power supplies, their input terminals are connected to both the power supply and the ground, so they cannot be used completely floating like passive filters. 1.1 ButterWorth filter (maximum flatness characteristic) This is an amplitude-flat filter, that is, its amplitude-frequency characteristic is almost completely flat at the cutoff frequency until the attenuation of 3dB, but there is a peak near the cutoff frequency, and there are overshoot and ringing phenomena in the order response. The transition band decreases at a moderate speed, with a decrease rate of -6ndB/octave, where n is the filter order. It has a slight nonlinear response and is suitable for general filters.
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