The Internet, mobile communications, and satellite-based navigation are the three pillar industries of the information society in the 21st century, and the technical level and development history of the GPS system represent the development status of satellite navigation systems around the world. At present, my country has become a major user of GPS, and the satellite navigation industry chain has basically taken shape. However, our research on the core technology of GPS is not deep enough, and most of the core parts of my country\'s GPS products are still imported. When the GPS receiver is working, in order to synchronize the local signal with the received signal, a complex signal processing process must be completed. Among them, how to capture satellite signals and keep tracking the signals is the most important core technology. Many researchers have proposed a variety of solutions, but most of these methods are only in the theoretical stage and cannot be applied to the GPS receiver system for real-time processing. Based on the analysis of a variety of existing algorithms, this project studies and designs a GPS signal capture and tracking system based on FPGA. In the research process, the GPS receiver module was first designed and manufactured using the GPS chipset of Nemerix. It can work normally and stably and can be used as a research platform for GPS baseband signal processing; the platform can output GPS digital intermediate frequency signals in real time; this project deeply studies the capture and tracking technology of GPS signals based on intermediate frequency signals. Firstly, several GPS signal capture methods are analyzed and compared in detail, and a step-correlation capture scheme is given; then the characteristics of the tracking loop are analyzed, and a scheme for tracking the carrier by alternating the frequency-locked loop and the phase-locked loop and the carrier-assisted pseudo code is given, and finally these schemes are realized. The GPS signal capture and tracking processing system designed in this project is realized by the collaborative work of hardware and software. The hardware circuit mainly realizes the correlator function with high data rate and simple logic; while the software based on the MicroBlaze soft processor mainly realizes the function with low data rate and complex logic. This paper gives the detailed design of the hardware circuit, the simulation results and the detailed process of software design. This project finally realizes the GPS signal capture and tracking function on FPGA, and the system performance is good. It can be concluded that this design can meet the requirements of system functions and performance, and can be directly used in the design of real-time GPS receiver system, laying the foundation for the independent design of GPS receiver. The research of this project was funded by the integrated circuit design project of Dalian Information Industry Bureau. The project name is \"SOC design with integrated positioning and communication functions\". The research results will be put into trial use in the first half of 2008.
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