Electroless copper plating was carried out on the surface of ABS plastic using sodium hypophosphite as a reducing agent. The composition of the plating solution was: 0.04 mol/L copper sulfate, 0.28 mol/L sodium hypophosphite, 0.051 mol/L sodium citrate, 0.485 mol/L boric acid, and 5 mg/L 2-2′ bipyridine. After 5 min of electroless plating, copper was directly electroplated in the electroless copper plating solution. The morphology of the electroplated layer and the effect of sodium hypophosphite in the plating solution were studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), cyclic voltammetry, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), respectively. At 15 ℃, sodium hypophosphite does not react in the electroplating solution, and only Cu element is present in the coating. At 50 ℃, sodium hypophosphite undergoes electroreduction and disproportionation reaction, and not only Cu but also P is present in the coating, where w(P)=6.56%. At 70 ℃, sodium hypophosphite still undergoes the above reaction in the solution, but the reduction peak shifts to the negative direction, and w(P)=14.36% is obtained in the coating. A relatively dense coating with less roughness can be obtained at low temperature. Therefore, in the electroplating process, the morphology of the copper coating and its phosphorus content can be adjusted by controlling the temperature.
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