Four tips for power circuit design

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Four tips for power circuit design [Copy link]

1. Ceramic capacitors are available in a wide variety of dielectrics, each with different properties that can greatly affect performance over their temperature and voltage ranges. The two most common dielectrics are Y5V and X5R, and Y5V dielectric is inexpensive and provides high capacitance in a small package, but its capacitance varies greatly over its voltage and temperature ranges and is not suitable for DC/DC applications. X5R and X7R dielectrics are more suitable for output capacitor applications because their characteristics are more stable over their operating range and are highly recommended. 2. Correctly selecting the values of capacitors and inductors will make the circuit more stable, but good PCB design is still key to avoiding high ripple and even self-oscillation. 3. By adding a PI filter, more ripple-sensitive power supplies of the MCU (for example: analog voltage references) can be better protected.

4. Sufficient power margin must be left

The power margin must be sufficient, generally at least 20% more than the peak power consumption of the load, so it is safer and will not cause unexpected failures.

When the power margin is insufficient, the power supply will work at the limit state, and the power ripple will rise sharply, reaching hundreds of mV or even several V. Therefore, before determining the power input, it is best to estimate the maximum power consumption of the entire board system.

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