Characteristics and troubleshooting methods of electronic component failures

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Characteristics and troubleshooting methods of electronic component failures [Copy link]

Resistors are the most numerous components in power equipment, but they are not the components with the highest damage rate. The most common damage to resistors is open circuit. After the open circuit, most of them show a large resistance value. Common ones in electrical equipment include carbon film resistors, metal film resistors, wirewound resistors and fuse resistors. The first two types of resistors are the most widely used. Their damage characteristics are that the probability of failure is higher for resistance values below 100Ω and above 100kΩ, while the probability of failure is very low for resistance values between hundreds of ohms and tens of kiloohms. The low-resistance resistor will turn black after failure, while the high-resistance resistor generally has no external manifestation. The cylindrical wirewound resistor will show cracks and blackening when it fails. Wirewound resistors are generally used for large current limiting and have low resistance. Cement resistors are a type of wirewound resistor. They may break when burned, otherwise there will be no visible traces. When the fuse resistor burns out, some of the surfaces will explode with a piece of skin, and some will not have any traces, but they will never burn and turn black. These are some of the characteristics of a resistor when it fails. When you are using or testing a resistor, you can use the above characteristics to determine whether the resistor is damaged. This will help you quickly find the cause of the circuit failure and eliminate it one by one. (1) When a capacitor is damaged, grease will appear on the outside, usually with bulges at the two ends or in the middle; (2) Severely damaged capacitors will generate high heat when the system starts. Such capacitors should be replaced immediately; (3) Electrolytic capacitors work with the electrolyte inside. Long-term operation and baking will reduce or even dry the electrolyte inside. Electrolytic capacitors next to high-power components should be checked regularly.