ISO14443, 15693, 18000 system analysis

tmily

ISO14443, 15693, 18000 system analysis [Copy link]

The communication standard of the radio frequency tag is the basis for the design of the tag chip. At present, the international communication standards related to RFID are mainly: ISO/IEC 18000 standard (including 7 parts, involving 125KHz, 13.56MHz, 433MHz, 860-960MHz, 2.45GHz and other frequency bands), ISO11785 (low frequency), ISO/IEC 14443 standard (13.56MHz), ISO/IEC 15693 standard (13.56MHz), etc. Below we analyze and compare the three systems of ISO14443, 15693 and 18000. 1. International standards related to low-frequency band radio frequency tags Low-frequency band radio frequency tags, referred to as low-frequency tags, have an operating frequency range of 30kHz ~ 300kHz. Typical operating frequencies are: 125KHz, 133KHz. Low-frequency tags are generally passive tags, and their working energy is obtained from the radiation near field of the reader coupling coil through inductive coupling. When transmitting data between the low-frequency tag and the reader, the low-frequency tag must be located in the near field area of the reader antenna radiation. The reading distance of the low-frequency tag is generally less than 1 meter. Typical applications of low-frequency tags include: animal identification, container identification, tool identification, electronic locking anti-theft (car keys with built-in transponders), etc. International standards related to low-frequency tags include: ISO11784/11785 (for animal identification), ISO18000-2 (125-135 kHz). 2. International standards related to medium and high frequency band RF tags The operating frequency of medium and high frequency band RF tags is generally 3MHz ~ 30MHz. The typical operating frequency is: 13.56MHz. From the perspective of RFID applications, the RF tags in this frequency band are classified as low-frequency tags because their working principle is exactly the same as that of low-frequency tags, that is, they work in an inductive coupling manner. On the other hand, according to the general division of radio frequencies, their working frequency band is also called high frequency, so they are often called high frequency tags. Since the RFID tags in this frequency band may be the most common type of RFID tags in practical applications, we only need to understand high and low as relative concepts to avoid confusion. For the sake of convenience, we call them medium frequency RFID tags. Since medium frequency tags can be easily made into card shapes, typical applications include: electronic tickets, electronic ID cards, electronic locking and anti-theft (electronic remote control door lock controllers), etc. Relevant international standards include: ISO14443, ISO15693, ISO18000-3 (13.56MHz), etc. The basic characteristics of the medium frequency standard are similar to those of the low frequency standard. Due to its increased operating frequency, a higher data transmission rate can be selected. The antenna design of the RFID tag is relatively simple, and the tag is generally made into a standard card shape. 3. UHF and microwave tags RFID tags in the ultra-high frequency and microwave frequency bands are referred to as microwave RFID tags. Their typical operating frequencies are: 433.92MHz, 862(902)~928MHz, 2.45GHz, 5.8GHz. Microwave RFID tags can be divided into two categories: active tags and passive tags. When working, the RFID tag is located in the far field of the reader antenna radiation field, and the coupling mode between the tag and the reader is electromagnetic coupling. The reader antenna radiation field provides RF energy to the passive tag to wake up the active tag. The corresponding RFID system reading distance is generally greater than 1m, typically 4~6m, and can reach more than 10m. The reader antenna is generally a directional antenna, and only the RFID tag within the directional beam range of the reader antenna can be read/written. At the current technical level, the relatively successful products of passive microwave RFID tags are relatively concentrated in the 902~928MHz working frequency band. 2.45GHz and 5.8GHz RFID systems are mostly semi-passive microwave RFID tag products. Semi-passive tags are generally powered by button batteries and have a long reading distance. The typical characteristics of microwave RFID tags are mainly concentrated in whether they are passive, wireless reading and writing distance, whether they support multi-tag reading and writing, whether they are suitable for high-speed identification applications, the transmission power tolerance of the reader, and the price of RFID tags and readers. The reading distance of a typical microwave radio frequency tag is 3~5m, and some products can reach 10m or more. For wirelessly writable radio frequency tags, the writing distance is usually smaller than the reading distance because writing requires greater energy. Typical applications of microwave radio frequency tags include: mobile vehicle identification, electronic ID card, warehousing and logistics applications, electronic locking and anti-theft (electronic remote control door lock controller), etc. Relevant international standards include: ISO10374, ISO18000-4 (2.45GHz), -5 (5.8GHz), -6 (860-930 MHz), -7 (433.92 MHz), ANSI NCITS256-1999, etc. From the above analysis, we can see that the ISO18000 series of standards involve seven parts, while the ISO14443 and ISO15693 standards are both for 13.56MHz.

hjgongjun

Thank you for the information, thumbs up.